George Eastman Essay Example for Free

George Eastman raiseGeorge Eastman is best remembered for his very significant invention which is the Kodak camera. Through his invention, he made photography easy and dirt cheap to people. Although George Eastman was a dropout from school, he was able to support his mother and his two sisters, one of whom was severely handicapped . His cause died early when he was 14, which is why he had to drop from school. He then worked in an insurance smart set and then in a local bank where he served as a clerk. Using his capability and creative mind, he invented the first camera which was powered by a wreathe film. A fewer years later, he successfully directed his own Eastman Kodak Company. His exposure in photography started when he was 24 when he planned to visit Sto. Domingo together with his co-worker. Before the vacation, he was advised to record their trip so he prepared photographic outfits and materials that are big and complicated. From there, he concentrated in making the hanker process of photography simple while he was employed as a clerk.After trine years, he was able to finish his dry plate formula and patented machines for producing more plates and sold it to photographers . However, his line of products collapsed when he had to replace dry plates which were destroyed. Afterwards, he used lighter and more flexible support than grouch . More developments followed when he used the coat of photogrphic emulsion on paper and loaded it in a roll holder . He again changed the paper into a transparent roll film and roll holder and the first roll film camera was devised.Various advertisements of his work ensued. In 1888, the Kodak camera was formally introduced and his statement, you press the button, we do the rest became a well- known phrase . His ingenuity has made the usually big-ticket(prenominal) photography available to all. Aside from that, George Eastman is known also as a philanthropist for giving out-of-door his fortune. One of his great contributions is the Rochester Institute of Technology .BibliographyGeorge Eastman (2008) Kodak http//www. kodak. com/US/en/corp/kodakHistory/eastmanTheMan. shtml at 4 June look on also studymoose.com/friendship-speech-essay

Everyone Has The Right to Privacy Essay Example for Free

Everyone Has The Right to loneliness EssayEveryone has the right to privacy. This is the right to non demand peaks about our lives to be held or circulated without our friendship/consent. data of force play nature ar collect every so often by organisations. For showcase* Employers detainment personnel records that include data on address, age, qualification, salary, sick leave and so on.* Stores hold detail on credit card payment, accounts history, items purchased* Banks hold details on salary, income and withdrawals, direct debits to various organisations* Insurance companies hold detail on property, cars, accidents, claims and health. This list is endless. Modern techno entery has made it possible to store vast quantities of data, so that it give the sack be viewed from all over the world and so that it batch be used to execute a profile of an individual.Threats to in beation SystemsOrganisations can protect the integrity of data (by preventing inaccurate data ent ry, cattish or accidental alteration), and simple measures can be taken to protect the security of data form theft or destruction.Data IntegrityThis refers to the correctness of data. The data held on a computer whitethorn become incorrect, corrupt or of poor quality. This could happen at different stages of data processing.1. Errors in the Input. Data may be keyed in wrongly.2. Errors in Operating Procedure. An update program may be ran twice in error, thus the master file would be updated twice.3. Program errors could lead to corruption of files. A new system may develop errors in it which may not surface for some time, only when they may be introduced during program maintenance.Standard Clerical proceduresTo protect a get tost input and operating, procedures can be enter and followed for both input and output.Input* Data entry moldiness be limited to authorized personnel only* In commodious volume data entry, data may be verified (keyed in twice), to guard against keying er rors* Data control totals moldiness be used wherever possible to verify the completeness and trueness of the data, and to guard any copying/duplication or illegal entry.Output* All output must be inspected for reasonableness and any inconsistencies investigated.* Printed output containing photosensitive information should be shredded after use.Write-protecting DisksWrite-protecting disks and tapes can be used to avoid accidental over save up on a disk or a tape. This can be effective against an operator error. Both disks and tapes have write-protecting mechanisms.User IDs and passwordsEach user in an organisation who is permitted to the access of the company database is issued with a user id and a password. In most cases there atomic number 18 certain levels of access at which employees can access data. Some of the most common password rules are* Passwords must be at least six characters* The password display must be mechanically suppressed on the screen or printed output* Files c ontaining passwords must be encrypted* All users must batten down that their password is kept confidential, not written down, not made up of easily guessed words and is changed at least every three months.Access rightsEven authorized users don not normally have the right to see all the data held on a computer.e.g. A hospital receptionist may have the right to view and change some patient details, such(prenominal) as the name, address, and appointments. But they may not have access to the patients medical file.Access rights to data could be set to read only, read/write or no access. This way a user in a company can gain access to data which they are permitted to see and can only change data if they are empower to do so.Likewise, the computer it self can be programmed to allow access to data from a crabbed terminal, and only at a certain time of day. The terminal in the administrators office may be the only terminal which has authorisation to change the structure of a database. An access directory can be made, which shows each(prenominal) users access rights.Securing against fraudulent use or malicious injuryOrganisations are often exposed imputable to* The possibility of fraud* The deliberate corruption of data by unhappy employees* Theft of software or data which may fall into the hands of their competitors.Measures to oppose these risks are as follows.* Careful selection of employees* quick removal of employees who have been sacked or who hand in their resignation, and the cancellation of their passwords and authorisation.* Separation of duties. This is to ensure the involvement of cardinal or more people to defraud the company.* Prevention of unauthorised access by employees and some others to secure areas such as computer operations rooms, by the use of machine readable cards/badges or other types of locks.* The use off passwords to gain access to databases.* Educate staff to be aware of security breaches, and to be alert in preventing them or repor ting them.* Appointing a security manager who can, with the use of special software, observe all computer screens. The special software can also be used to record all logins at each terminal, time of logins and the number of times particular software is used. It will even log the security managers activities.Protection against VirusesSteps can be taken to minimize the risk of suffering damage from viruses* Making sure that all software which is purchased is in sealed, tamper-proof packaging* Not permitting floppy disks carrying software of and sorting to be removed from or brought into the office* Using ant-virus software to check all applications brought into the office.Biometric security measuresBiometric methods of identifying an authorised user are fingerprint scanning, voice recognition and face recognition. One such system uses infra-red scanners to transport the unique pattern of blood vessels under the skin. This system can even differentiate between monovular twins by c omparing the scans.Communications SecurityTelecommunications systems are vulnerable to hackers who discover user ids and passwords and can gain access to a database from their own computer. One way to avoid this is to use call-back procedure. This is when a remote user logs on, the computer automatically calls that user back on a pre-arranged number to brook the log on.Data encryption can also be used to scramble highly sensitive or confidential data before transmitting it.Disaster PlanningNo matter what precautions are taken, the possibility of data being destroyed is always great. A simple disk head settle can destroy a disk packing a fraction of a second. System designers must provide a reasonable backup facility that does not degrade the performance of the system and is not very expensive.The cost of lack of planning for a computer failure can be ruinous.occasional BackupsThe most common way to ensure that data is not lost is to make regular copies of files into a safe place. This is called Periodic Backups.This scheme has several weaknesses* All updates to a file since the last backup may be lost* The systems may need to be shut down during backup operations* Backups of large files can be time consuming* When a failure occurs, recovery from the backup can be even more time consuming.A benefit is that files which may have been fragmented can be reorganised to occupy smaller amounts of same, resulting in faster access time.It is important to store copies of data in secure areas. One copy of data can be held in a fire-proof safe in a building and another off-site.Recovery proceduresA contingency plan needs to be develop to allow rapid recovery of major disruptions. It is necessary to do the following in backup procedures1. refer alternative compatible equipment and security facilities, or implement a service agreement which provides equipment when needed.2. Have supplying for alternative communication links.

Recommend Your Friends Essay Example for Free

barrack Your Friends Essay1. F. James McDonald the former president of the US automobile workers fede proportionalityn suggested an average reduction of 4% in the legal injury of the car. The automobile market was weak, which resulted in unemployment. Lower price would lead to great sales and stimulate employment. McDonald believed that a 4% reduction in price would increase sales by 16%.David black, representing the management of the automobile manufacturers disagreed with McDonalds estimation. Black cited studies which indicated price catchs ranging from 0.5 to 1.5.Black made it clear that he was referring to the elasticity of take in in response to a permanent price falsify of all manufacturers. He admitted that the elasticity to a temporary price cut might be greater. The studies to which Black referred found elasticitys ranging from 0.65 to 1.53.a. Explain the concept of elasticity of demand and the factors that affect it.Answer-From the decision-making perspective, the firm needs to write out effect of changes in any of the independent variables in the demand function on the quantity demanded. many of these variables atomic number 18 under the control of management, such as price, advertising, mathematical product quality, and node service. For these variables, management must recognise the effects of changes on quantity to assess the desirability of institution the change. Other variables, including income price of competitors products, and expectations of consumers regarding future prices, are outside the direct control of the firm. Nevertheless(prenominal), rough-and-ready forecasting of demand requires that the firm be able to circular the impact of changes in these variables on the quantity demanded.The most common single-valued functiond measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in any of the variables that influence the demand function is elasticity. In general, elasticity whitethorn be through of as a ratio of the percentage(%) change in one quantity(or variable) to the percentage(%) change in another, ceteris paribus(all other things remain unchanged). In other words, how responsive in just about dependent variable to change in a particular variable? With these in mind, we define the price elasticity of demand(Ed) as the ratio of the percentage (%) change in quantity demanded to a percentage (%) change in price.Where picQ= Change in quantity demandedpicP= Change in PriceBecause of the normal inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, the sign of the price coefficient will usually be negative. Occasionally, price elasticitys are referred to as absolute values. The use of absolute values will be indicates where appropriate. Problems result when calculating elasticity if initial prices and quantities are used as bases, so economists typically use midpoint bases. The price-elasticity of demand is negative but, for convenience, we use absolute values to avoid the neg ative sign.If price elasticity is less than one, then demand is relatively unresponsive to changes in price and is said to be springless. If elasticity is greater than one, demand is very responsive to price changes and is elastic. necessary is unitarily elastic if the elasticity coefficient equals one. Elasticity, price changes, and total revenues (expenditures) are related in the future(a) manner If demand is inelastic (elastic) and price increases (falls), total revenue will rise. If demand is elastic (inelastic) and price rises (falls), total revenue (expenditures) will fall. If demand is unitarily elastic (ed = 1), total revenue will be superior(predicate) by price changes.The number and quality of substitutes, the proportion of the total cipher spent, and the length of time considered are three important determinants of the elasticity of demand. Demand is more elastic the more substitutes are available, the more of the budget the item consumes, and the longer the time fr ame considered. Along any negatively sloped linear demand curve, parts of the curve will be elastic, unitarily elastic, and inelastic. The price-elasticity of demand rises as the price rises.Factors Affecting the Elasticity of Demand-Availability of Substitutes- The most important determinant of the price elasticity of demand is the availability and closeness of substitutes. The greater the number of substitute goods, the more price elastic is the demand for a product because a customer can easily shift to a substitute goods if the price of a product in headland increases.Durable Goods- The demand for abiding goods tends to be more price elastic than the demand for nondurable. This is real because of the get up availability of a relatively inexpensive substitute in many cases that is repairing a worn-out durable good, such as a television, car, or refrigerator, rather than buying a new one. Consumer of durable goods is oft in a position to wait for a more favorable price, a sal e, or a special deal when buying these items. This accounts for some of the volatility in the demand for durable goods.Relative size of Expenditures- The demand for relatively high-priced goods tends to be more price elastic than the demand for inexpensive items. This is true because expensive items account for a greater portion of a persons income and potential expenditures than do low-priced. Consequently, we would expect the demand for automobiles to be more price elastic than demand for childrens toys.Time assemble of Analysis- Over time, the demand for many products tends to become more elastic because of the increase in the number of effective substitutes that become available. For example, in the short run, the demand for screw upoline may be relatively price inelastic because the only available alternatives are not talking a trip or using some from of public transportation. Over time, as consumer replaces their cars, they find another excellent substitute for gasoline- na mely, more fuel-efficient vehicles. Also, other product alternatives may come available, such as electric cars or cars powered by natural gas or coal.b. Interpret the meaning of David Blakes demand estimate ranging from .65 to 1.53.Explain the significance of demand elasticity in taking business decision.Answer-McDonald believed that,4% reduction in price would increase sales by 16%therefore, 1% reduction in price would increase sales by 4%So, PED = 4McDonald believed that PED was only Elastic. He did not consider the Rich end of the buyers who may not be very much affected by this change. Thus PED should be Inelastic for them. The Middle Class buyers would get a take on to buy Automobiles at lower prices. So the sales would be high for some times. But, in time, as the Factors affecting Elasticity comes in action, sales may go down or not in future.Blake, on the other hand, referred to statistical studies that considered both ends of the buyers (Range on the Demand Curve, where El asticity was both greater and littler than 1) and also other Factors of Elasticity.For Long term offer, it considered the Factors of Elasticity and consecutive steps taken by the agonistical Automobile companies. As a result, the Range of Elasticity was PED = 0.5 (Inelastic for Rich) to 1.5 (Elastic for others) Average = 1.0For Short term offer, it was affected less by the Factors of Elasticity. As a result, the Range of Elasticity was PED = 0.65 (Inelastic for Rich) to 1.53 (Elastic for others) Average = 1.09So Elasticity is more on the Short Run offer.

Civil War Essay Example for Free

Civil War EssayThe aftermath of the Civil War brought in major industrial expansion and signifi fag endt economic growth for New England, the middle Atlantic states and the mid-west more so with the completion of the transcontinental railroads years later. In contrast, the same Civil War brought in economic depression for the south. (Slavin, 2008) 3) The twenties began with a brief depression which was completely forgotten between 1921 and 1929 when America enjoyed economic prosperity. The stock grocery store crash in 1929, however, stop the abundant times and brought in the Great Depression. Similarly, there was a brief economic recession in the early part of the 1990s it began in early 1992 and ended later that same year. With the end of such recession, the stock market soared and the years that followed witnessed economic expansion in America until the index reached its peak in March 2001 and then dove deep, signaling the end of the good, economic days of the bourse. Th e economy worsened in September 2001 after the World Trade Center Tragedy. (Slavin, 2008)The chance cost of attending the concert using a free ticket is less time fatigued on studying. Having to leave for the concert venue earlier than planned and then getting home lots later because of the miserable weather would further increase the opportunity cost of attending the concert, since it would mean more study time spent on something else. 5) Last summer, I incurred opportunity costs by cancelling plans to organise a summer job and choosing, instead, to spend my summer bumming around with friends.Under no circumstances can we operate outside our production possibilities curve. It would mean generating an output that is more than what results from full employment and full production. such a scenario is not attainable. (Slavin, 2008) 7) a) According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, economists study how society distributes resources, such as land, labor, in the altogether materi als, and machinery, to produce goods and services.They may conduct research, collect and analyze data, monitor economic trends, or develop forecasts. (U. S. segment of Labor) b) According to the College Majors Handbook and as cited in the article, the top three types of jobs for economics graduates are as follows 1) Top- and mid-level managers, executives, administrators 2) Insurance, securities, real estate, business services and, 3) Accountants, auditors, other financial specialists. (Schwartz)WORKS CITEDSlavin, Stephen L. Economics 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2008. U. S. segment of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook. (http//www. bls. gov/oco/ocos055. htmnature) Schwartz, Shelly K. Economics Grads Face Strong Job Market, but Higher Degrees Still Help. CNNMoney personalised Finance. (http//money. cnn. com/2000/08/18/career/q_degreeeconomics/)

Seattle Essay Example for Free

Seattle EssayDr. Tom Kerns, Introduction to Bioethics, http//www. bioethicscourse. info/casesite/cs-torture. html GEPE 4040Ethical Dimensions contemporary Affairs Prof. Milosz Mariusz Jacko, Ph. D. At 930am a phone call was received at The Seattle Times from a person claiming to have placed a bomb at an undisclosed location in business district Seattle. The caller indicated the device was set to detonate at 2pm the same day.The device was described as a small yield nuclear device capable of massive collateral damage and loss of career for ten square blocks in downtown Seattle. The possibility of destruction, injury, and further loss of life outside the initial blast radius is apparent. The caller did not specify any demands before terminating the call after 20 seconds. The assumption of credibility is leant to this nemesis because over the past several weeks there have been a serial of unsolved bombings. Before each of these prior bombings a similar phone call was reported. With this particular threat there are important and notable differences.This scenario has a grievous magnitude described by the unnamed caller and there is a defendant in hold of law enforcement. The suspect in custody has not yielded any information disclosing the location of the explosive device. For 90 minutes, the authorities in custody of this suspect have employed aggressive interrogation techniques in order to persuade the suspect to cooperate to no avail. The bomb is set to explode in the next 90 minutes. With time running out, it was suggested that the suspect be tortured in order to get the captured man to disclose the location of the nuclear device.

Writing skills Essay Example for Free

constitution skills EssayThe study of Neville looks in the way of addressing faculty member literacy within the University level. He highlighted several important factors that touch such(pre zero(prenominal)einal) feat difficult for students to achieve. In this paper I describe examples of students difficulties in developing academic literacy, and show how these difficulties relate not only to students own developing collar of academic Discourse plainly also to their awareness of themselves as apprentices of it. (Neville, 1997, p. 40) It is with this that the author mentioned the factors of truly understanding the nature of reading and paternity among students that impedes such process. For many students, difficulties with academic literacy most immediately concern the actual process of reading or writing rather than what is finally produced. (Neville, 1997, p. 40) It is through these issues that both the content and final product outputs are compromised. It is through this that he highlights the different facets both in reading and writing that seems to be problematic. With this, he interpreted the understanding of academic culture as a means of addressing such deficiency in writing skills. faculty member culture is concerned with the development and communication of knowledge, and academic writing has evolved to meet the needs of culture. (Neville, 1997, p. 41) On the former(a) hand, in relation with reading, the author argued that there needs to be better insights on how reading should be among students. They must themselves become academic readers, and so treat reading not as mere conceptualisation for writing productive, but passive and safe but critical and active process itself. (Neville, 1997, p. 41)In the end, Neville argued that students if such actions continue to be present within the cultureal system, may experience difficulties coping with these standards. It is time for academic literacy, literacy at the tertiary level, to t ake a legitimate place on the political and educational agenda. (Neville, 1997, p. 49) germ Burke, D. J. (1995) Connecting Content and Motivation Educations Missing Link in Peabody daybook of Education. 70 no. 2 Retrieved March 24, 2008. pp. 66-81 Establishing the need for educational indigence within the content of teaching is what Burke emphasizes in the article.He sees the foundation of learning to be linking and finding the gap between content within the plan and motivation for both students and teachers. After which he pointed out the problem concerning the presumption that content and motivation should be treated separately. Unfortunately for students and teachers, perhaps equally so for learning, until separate and unequal treatment of the content-motivation relationship is replaced by their colligation, academic achievement should not be expected to rise significantly (Burke, 1995, p. 70)After such abbreviation and explanation of the problem, he then pursues the importa nce of motivation in educational institutions. Motivation is always in potential form until it impels or ignites natural process. (Burke, 1995, p. 70) He highlights the importance of putting motivation hand-in-hand with content so as to realize a foundation of a deeper understanding of the curriculum imparted to students. Through this, Burke dwells into the issue of motivation by dwelling on its relevance to psychology particularly among students.The successful teacher, in order to avail the connection between motivation and content, leave alone be better-served by an outward sensitivity to psychological factors including scholar need identification, be it fond, physical, emotional, or intellectual. (Burke, 1995, p. 70) With this, the article pointed out the responsibility of the educator to formally spend a penny chemical mechanisms and practices that will promote and uplift motivation among students. This can be done by creating facilitation techniques and skills that wil l test and create an environment for motivation.A variety of learning activities, specific content objectives, and wide-ranging instructional techniques should be knowing for every learning experience. (Burke, 1995, p. 70) Reference Bringle, R. G. and Hatcher, J. A. (1996) Implementing service of process Learning in Higher Education in The Journal of Higher Education. 67 no. 2. Ohio present University Press. pp. 221-239. Incorporating table service learning within the realm of higher education is the main argument proposed by both Bringle and Hatcher.They emphasized its relative importance not only to the social development of students. But on the other hand, it seeks to promote a holistic experience to educators and students. We view service learning as credit-bearing educational experience in which students participate in an organized service action mechanism that meets identified community needs and reflect on the service activity in such a way as to gain further understand ing of course content, a broader appreciation of the discipline, and an enhanced brain of civic responsibility. (Bringle and Hatcher, 1996, p. 222)Learning for them, must be understood not only as a activity and action that revolves around the confinement of the classroom, but also on other facets. With this, the article provided methods and practices that can create service learning within the branch of higher education. Both authors provided a model (CAPSL) that seeks to address the sign program on hand. They proposed different schemes starting from the initial planning stage towards the completion of the overall program. It is through this that they adhere the relative importance of universities.The university, as an institution, can be both the means of and the object of selective information collection that monitors program development, evaluates institutional outcomes, and publishes the results of this research in professional journals. (Bringle and Hatcher, 1996, p. 227) By creating a collaborative lather for all actors within the academe and educational sector, the program and dynamics can itself create awareness, practice and mechanism for change. The CAPSL provides a heuristic for guiding the development of a service learning programs in higher education. (Bringle and Hatcher, 1996, p. 236)ReferencesBringle, R. G. and Hatcher, J. A. (1996) Implementing Service Learning in Higher Education in The Journal of Higher Education. 67 no. 2. Ohio State University Press. pp. 221-239. Burke, D. J. (1995) Connecting Content and Motivation Educations Missing Link in Peabody Journal of Education. 70 no. 2 Retrieved March 24, 2008. pp. 66-81 Nevile, M. (1996) Literacy culture shock Developing academic literacy at University in Copyright style Limited. 19 no. 1 Retrieved March 24, 2008. pp. 38-51

Green Banking: An Evaluation on Rupali Bank Limited

light- verdure trusting An Evaluation on Rupali commit LimitedGreen Banking- way of life to Sustainable Development An Evaluation on Rupali Bank LimitedIntroductionBackground of the employmentGreen margeing is a process of promoting environment gracious pr mouldices by different b distributivelying activities. Bangladesh is a most climate reposition unprotected country in the valet and fleeceable beaching is a tool for acquiring reputation. Green bankers ar concerned ab come out sustainable evolution and it is a special agenda to take c be of environment of the earth. Green banking is a proactive and in force(p) step with a vision for future sustainability. Green banking activities are sustainable banking, ethical banking, unripened currency market account, mobile banking, waste management, remote deposit and special K financing. Green banking foc engages on green rendering of internal operations of all banks.Bangladesh falls into the group of most climate change countries in the demesne comparison with other developing and developed countries. Bangladesh Bank issued green banking policy guideline in February 2011 to plow environment friendly banking activities in the country. According to these guidelines, all financial institutions and banks need to take effective measures to occupy environment friendly banking activities in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank issued a common reporting castat to all commercialised banks to report green banking activities in a structured way. Banks and other financial institutions render to submit a quarterly report to Bangladesh Bank on their performance of green banking activities. According to green banking policy of Bangladesh bank, banks commit to determine vision, mission and strategic planning covering in preindication green banking activities like delineate green architecture, engage energy saving technologies, reduce dependency on grid power and green financing practices like providing green loa n to promote solar energy, bio gas limits, develop green banking products for clients, affix online and mobile banking etc.Rupali Bank Limited performs several green banking activities like in ho substance abuse environment management, green financing like installation of EFT, Bio gas plant, establishment of solar panel etc. Rupali Bank Limited in any case involves in green marketing activities to ensure environment friendly activities like plant tree, finance in environment friendly projects, pay bill via online, be paperless etc.Objectives of the study on that point have been most objectives set forward in doing this report. These objectives help to determine Banks green banking activities to maintain sustainable development growth. The objective of the report so-and-so be divided into ii parts- abundant ObjectiveTo identify the degree of green banking activities of Rupali BankTo identify the further scope of green banking activities for Rupali BankSpecific ObjectiveTo get a n overall idea about the green banking policy and green banking building blockTo identify enjoymentds for green banking activities of Rupali Bank LimitedTo identify others green banking activities like online banking, in house environment management activities, incorporation of ERM, CSR activities, green financing, green marketing etcRationale of the studyClimate change is the most complicated issues in global world and Bangladesh is unrivalled of the most climate change vulnerable country in the world. Climate change has compelled us to think about protection of environment and preservation of energy. To reduce pollution and save energy, green banking activities are very important in Bangladesh as intimately as in the whole world. I have chosen the topic titled Green Banking- Way to Sustainable Development An Evaluation on Rupali Bank Limited for providing overall ideas about green banking activities, green banking policy, green banking unit of Rupali Bank Limited. This study t opic is very worthy of study because it provides guidelines of green banking activities, procedures and shipway to sustainable development in Bangladesh.Scope of the studyThis report has been prepared for determining green banking activities of Rupali bank and how it helps to increase sustainable growth. Overall knowledge of green banking activities of Rupali bank limited has been determined by this study. some(prenominal) procedures and ways of sustainable growth are engraft by determining appropriate green banking activities of Rupali bank Limited. Further scope of green banking activities of Rupali bank ltd also critically buttvas in this study.Limitations of the study nigh every study report has to face some limitations in its completion. I also face some constraints to make this report. These constraints are described here.Time constraintsCovering the entire Green Banking performance of the bank was a difficult task within the time digested for the internship program. I h ave to complete this report within 5 to 6 weeks. So I have not included all aspects of green banking activities in this report. lose of published materialsI do not get available teaching about green banking activities in Rupali bank in their websites and personally contracted with their office. As a result this report is in inadequacy of some specific information about their green banking activities.Lack of scramTo make a umbrella report of green banking activities and determine ways to sustainable development, I require a great circumstances of experience and banking knowledge. As a BBA student, I do not have that kind of knowledge and experience. nerve of the reportThis report will be described about overall activities, scope, problems and some feasible solutions of green banking activities of Rupali bank limited. Introduction part describes rationale of the study, scope of the study and main limitations of this study. 2nd part is writings part and literature part is evalua tive report of information instal in the literature related to my selected area of the study Green banking- Way to sustainable development an Evaluation on Rupali Bank limited.In Methodology part of the report, I will be provided an accurate description of the materials and procedures use to develop this study. This study will be some(prenominal) quantitative and qualitative study because different facts and figures are needed to discussed and analyzed here.Organizational overview is the next step of developing this study. In this stage, descriptions of Rupali bank limited like history, mission, vision, present conditions of bank will be provided.In Findings and password stage, the results of this study will be found in epitome basis and this result will be presented descriptively by exploitation tables, graphs or figures. In discussion section, I critically evaluate my findings and assess the accuracy, representativeness and significance of findings. Conclusion and recommendat ion part will be described the outcomes of this study and given some suggestions for further research action to be taken.1 scalawagWhat Is Game Based erudition? An EvaluationWhat Is Game Based Learning? An EvaluationMany mickle believe that gaming is addictive and can lead to violence, a belief that is not substantiated by research. Researchers have shown that the source of behavioral problems of young mass who play video games comes from elsewhere. One study found that people who play video games spend just as much time reading, doing homework or active in other social activities as people who do not play games at all. This raises the heading can video games be use for accomplishment in the classroom and would they have positive results?When gentility starts to feel dull, we are not be engaged or motivated, which means we are not actually schooling. According to Foreman we can timbre at the lecture as an poser. With all the engine room being thrown at young people to day, they are going to say, why am I sitting in this lecture listening to this person? Learning is just not memorization it means the act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill. Students do not need to spend much time in the classroom to learn how to think and perform. They need effective, engaging experiences that can motivate them in the nurture process. Educational games can be a powerful tool for teaching and learning. These games are apply to reinforce learning, they offer immediate feedback, recurring gratification and prolong the avocation of students.Why it worksGame-based learning is a simple concept, where games are used as a learning tool to engage students. In Jane McGonigals book, a game is defined as an activity that has goals, rules, a feedback system, and voluntary participation (pg 100). Some pedagogic considerations that are derived from game based learning are that content and/or skills can enhance learning vs. traditional methods Students can build the ir own games in order to learn and develop skills They can use game mechanics in the learning environment, for example utilize levels instead of grades, coined gamification of the learning process.In 2003 author, pile Paul g-force wrote the book, and in it he described the impact of cognitive development with game play. Gee developed 36 different learning formulas that games being used in education should have. From these principles we can look at game based learning from two perspectives. The first is learning effectiveness. The second is engagement.When considering learning effectiveness, we can consider whether the game provides meaningful learning activity or whether the game is just a fun activity and does not necessarily lead to learning. We can look at what the learning outcomes are including memorization, knowledge, under(a)standing, discount and creativity. For all these various learning outcomes, games can provide an enriched learning experience.The second perspecti ve, the elements of engagement from Games Based Learning (GBL) we can ask does the game enhance learner motivation, does the game provide a fun learning experience? Is it interesting or is it a very tedious, boring learning experience? Does it add to learner concentration? Does it get the learners full attention? And finally learning by doing, games can provide an experience where the learner has to intensely engage in various activities.Where is it going?Over the last decade, research and interest in GBL has increase, as has the diversity of games themselves. Serious games and computer simulations offer an interesting context for learning because they both reinforce student motivation. Researchers found that students playing serious games or who participated in computer simulations were a pass around more than active as they manipulated objects. Students also had control over their actions and were more engaged in their learning. Researchers found that animation in the games incr eased motivation, and that students were more likely to return to activities that included animated graphics. They also found that serious games support inductive, experiential learning, with a genuine constructivism approach. Online gaming provides a context for adaptive learning, because they allow for multiple personalized paths or itineraries. Communication among players also introduces a social aspect that opens doors to knowledge acquisition with peers. Challenged-based and collaborative games are an emerging category of games that seem particularly appropriate for higher education. These games allow students to use skills for research, collaboration, problem solution, writing, leadership, digital literacy and many more. They are open-ended and occur in both online and non-digital forms. Games will doubtless evolve in the future and therefore GBL will also need to evolve, we are seeing fresh types of gaming, such as alternate reality games, social/mobile games, we are also seeing in advance(p) new ways to use GBL.ConclusionGame-based learning has gained more traction in recent age and is becoming more accessible with many benefits. Game-based learning can make learning more situated, contextualized and personalized. GBL can be used for learning content and skills, including 21st century skills like innovative problem solving and collaboration. GBL can even be used for practicing and honing existing skills. Game based-learning engages students, and if students are engaged they will plow learning rather than view it as a tedious boring learning experience.AC Voltammetry Principles, Advantages and DisadvantagesAC Voltammetry Principles, Advantages and Disadvantages NameTEH YU JIE (K)NOOR HASIRA BINTI SAMSUDINNUR NADIAH BINTI ABU BAKARNUR NIQMAH BINTI MUSANUR SYAHIRAH BINTI KHAIRUDDINKHANG EE WENINTRODUCTIONNobel Prize winning chemist Jaroslav Heyrovsk facilitated voltammetry by the baring of polarography by in the year of 1922. Alternative current vo ltammetry was invented in 1950s and developed intensively by D.E Smith.Alternative current (AC) voltammetry is an accurate electro analytic thinking method and combination with preconcentration will enhance the sensitivities of this analytical proficiencys. AC Voltammetry broadly involves in the application of a sinusodially oscillating voltage to an electrochemical cell. The AC experiment is used in conjunction with a fixed amplifier or frequency analyser which will increase sensitivity easily over the early described techniques. AC voltammetry can also reveal the important of mechanistic and kinetic information which is not easily available when use the tradition voltammetric techniques.Measurement of AC voltammetric is usually used in an electrochemical cell and the dominate mode of transport is spreading. A stiff DC channelize or voltage expanse will often combined with the AC voltage.The following figure shows a cyclic voltammetric planetary house with an AC perturbati on.Alternating potential usually has a frequency of 50-100Hz and 10-20mV amplitude. The AC signal causes a perturbation in the surface concentration and DC potential ramp maintained the concentration. The resulting AC current is plotted against the potential. For example, voltammogram appears a handbill, the potential of which is the same as the polarographic half-wave potential. At this region, the sinusoid has supreme impact on the surface concentration like on the current.For a rechargeable system, such a response is actually the derivative of the DC polarographic response. The concentration of the analyte is comparative to the height of the AC voltammetric prime quantity and for a reversible answer to the square root of the frequency (), the term is the amplitude.WORKING PRINCIPLEAC Voltammetry typically involves the application of a sinusodially oscillating voltage to a electrochemical cell. When used in conjuction in the ac experiment with a lock in amplifier or frequen cy analyser. It offers a considerably increased sensitivity compared to the early described techniques. It can also reveal necessary mechanistic and kinetic information that are not easily available by using some other tradition voltammetric techniques.Usually, public exposure is perfomed as it was the dominate mode of transport. The AC voltage is often combined with either a steady DC signal or voltage sweep.There are three component steps conglomerate in an electrochemical process, mass transport,chemical and adsorption steps and negatron transfer. They all are actually loan to the total potential drop across the cell. If an AC current flows, it will be necessary to state purely ohmic electrical resistance from non-ohmic,complex and normally frequency dependent resistance(often term impedance).Besides,treatment of the AC response of electrochemical cells will follow the pathway with initially a worldwide treatment. The treatment of the two simpler cases of purely diffusion controlled and purely electrochemically controlled reactions will be conducted.Under AC measurements,there are 5 methodsInfluence of transport processes on the ac impedances of an electrochemical cell.Equivalent circuit for an electrode-diffusion-limited reaction.(the circuit elements describing the flow of ac current through an electrode comprises an electron transfer resistance,R and Warburg impedance,Z in series.AC impedance of an electrode where the electron transfer process is rate limiting.Logarithmic or bode plot representations.Electrode reactions under mixed controlAlternating current bridges use the principle of balance betwixt the variable impendance, ZS and an electrochemical cell under study. An electrode process normally consists of a resistance RS in series with a capacitance CS.The resistance includes the resistive components of the electrode process of the solution and the capacitance is overdue to the working electrode. A combination of capacitance and resistance has been used in parallel. The analysis is more carried out in these conditions in terms of admittance Y=1/ZPotentiostat is more convenient to use when it is important to apply a d.c potential to the cell in addition to the a.c perturbation. Potentiostat is simultaneously applies the d.c potential and the spotting rather than conventional detector. It is good stability in the utilise potential and accuracy for wide sphere of frequencies while the electronic component of the potentiostat is only limited by these characteristics. This arrangement is known as a potentiostatic bridge.The accuracy of bridges at high frequencies are depends on cell design. This is due to the ions are move faster than the time needed for rearrangement of the ionic atmosphere and occur above 10 MHZ . The technique is actually very similar to the normal frequencies but it was also time consuming.This technique also has a disadvantage such as the impendance of the whole cell is measured. In the investiga tion of electrode process the disadvantage when one is interested in the properties of one of electrode. By using an auxiliary electrode with an area large relative to that electrode, it is possible to reduce the contribution of the unwanted components.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESAC Voltammetry is one of the techniques based on the analysis of faradaic impedance. A low-amplitude curved voltage is given to the working electrode, which is also established at some DC voltage with picture to the reference electrode. Because of the difference in the time scale, the AC component of the total current can be readily differentiated from the DC component. The kinetic parameters can be carried out either from the amplitude of each current or from the phase angle between the AC current and AC voltage (C.G Zoski, 2007).The evidentiary advantage of AC Voltammetry is that it allows relatively easy evaluation of the solution resistance and double layer capacity. Without simplifying assumptions t he analysis of faradaic impedance even for a simple response is quite complicated. The commonly used assumption is that the DC and as components of the total current can be uncoupled is reasonable because AC Voltammetry is typically applied to measure fast electrode kinetics.The other advantage of voltammetry as quantitative method of analysis is its capability for analyzing two or more analytes in a single sample. As long as the components behave independently, the resulting voltammetry for a multi component mixture is a summation of their respective individual voltammograms.Voltammetry has been used for the quantitative analysis of a wide variety of samples, including environmental samples, clinical samples, pharmaceutical formulations, steels, gasoline, and oil.Some advantages and disadvantages are specified in the form of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity. The accuracy of a voltammetric analysis usually is limited by ability to correct for correspondence currents , particularly those due to charging. For an analyte at the parts-per-million level, an accuracy of 13% is routine. Accuracy decreases when analysing samples with significantly smaller concentrations of analyte. clearcutness is generally limited by the uncertainty in measuring the limiting current or the peak current. Under most conditions, a precision of 13% is reasonable. One exception is the analysis of ultratrace analytes in complex matrices by baring Voltammetry, in which the precision may be as poor as 25%.In many voltammetric experiments, we can remediate the sensitivity by adjusting the experimental conditions. For example, in stripping voltammetry we can improve sensitivity by increasing the deposition time, by increasing the rate of the elongated potential scan, or by using a differential-pulse technique. One reason that potential pulse techniques are popular is that they provide an improvement in current relative to a linear potential scan.Lastly, selectivity in volta mmetry is determined by the difference between half-wave potentials or peak potentials, with a minimum difference of 0.20.3 V for a linear potential scan and 0.040.05 V for differential pulse voltammetry. We often can improve the selectivity by adjusting solution conditions. The addition of a complexion legend, for example, can substantially shift the potential where a species are oxidized or reduced to a potential where it no longer interferes with the intention of an analyte. separate solution parameters, such as pH, also can be used to improve selectivity ( D.Harvey,2000).COMPARISON OF AC VOLTAMMETRY WITH OTHER TYPES OF VOLTAMMETRYVoltammetry is a category for electro analytical method generally used in analytical chemistry and various industry processes. Consist a lot of example of voltammetry that been used such linear sweep voltammetry, staircase voltammetry, square wave voltammetry.Others example like cyclic voltammetry consist of method that can be used to determine diff usion coefficient and half-cell reduction potentials. Anodic stripping voltammetry are also the example of voltammetry that are quantitative analytical method for trace analysis of metal cations. Then, cathodic stripping voltammetry are also as example of this voltammetry that are quantitative analytical method for trace analysis of anions.Other than that, chemisorptive stripping voltammetry is a quantitative and analytical method for trace analysis. Alternating current voltammetry and polarography in example of voltammetry that polarography is a subclass of voltammetry where the working electrode is a dropping mercury electrode that useful for its wide cathodic range.Lastly, rotated electrode voltammetry is a hydrodynamic technique in which the working electrode. This technique is useful for studying the kinetics and electrochemical reaction mechanism for a half reaction. Then, the normal pulse voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry.RESEARCH IN AC VOLTAM METRYAc voltammetry is a method that seldom used on the determination of master(a) elements. In general principle, the determinations are usually done is a more conventional way, that is by connecting two electron reversible electrochemical process. During the process, the mercury is oxidized to form mercury (II) ions and the electrode surface will formed at the electrode surface.In this research, we will be analyzing elemental sulfur with AC voltammetry. Generally speaking, the elemental sulfur will abide the chemical pretreatment. For example, the process with solvent such as ethanol and toluene-methanol or methanol-pyridine. The process involved broadly organic solvent. Why the process is carried out with pretreatment but not direct determination? This is because the aqueous solutions mostly contain too less elemental sulfur to be determined.To overcome the problem, some scientist suggest that using acidification of sample to pH 5 and then with electrochemical treatment. The m ethod itself has a higher detection rate compared to the previous one, but actually still too low for economical values.According to Batuna (1992), they try to determine the elemental sulfur by using direct determination method. And the source is natural water. The researchers are conducting the research using phase sensitive ac voltammetry because the instrument is easier to be found in the laboratory in the authors lab.The research continues with using a PAR Model 303A static mercury drop electrode from EG G Princeton Applied Research. It was connected to a BAS-100A electrochemical analyser from Bioanalytical System that located in the West Lafayatte. They used a reference electrode of Ag/AgCl and an auxillary electrode of platinum. The instrument takes the measurement at 80 Hz and a intonation scan rate of 1 mV s-1. The temperature of the conditions was at room temperature. The solutions were deaerated for 15 minutes by using nitrogen gas and then doubly distilled and filtered with the Milli-Q filter. All measurement was actually made at the pH 10 to prevent the formation of volatile H2S.The stock solution was prepared from using the reaction between elemental sulfur and toluene. The solutions have to be prepared just before the measurements were made. This is because to prevent contamination and more complete reaction can be conducted.PAR Model 303A static mercury drop electrodeRESULTSThe determination of sulphide in aqueous solution are based on the insoluble mercury (II) sulphide during the assemblage period at potential more positive than ca- 0.58V.Hg + S2- HgS + 2eA and B were demonstrate the typical ac voltammogram of sulphide in 0.5 moldm-3 NaCl-NaOH. C is a negative going scans of 110-6 moldm-3 after 0-300s accumulation at a potential 0.5V. D shows that positive going scans of 110-4 moldm-3 sulphide after 0-120s accumulation at a potential at 0.8 V.The difference between the peaks obtained using negative- and positive-going scan directions are more elevate to the negative direction. It is also important to note that there is actually no effect of accumulation under conditions on the peak height obtained with a positive-gong scan . This agrees well with the explanation that during the positive-going scan, the anodlc dissolution of mercury occurs, which is proportional to the adsorbed sulphlde on the mercury electrode.REFERENCESZoski,C., (2007), Handbook of Electrochemistry, Elsevier Publication, Amsterdam Netherland, pg 645.,Retrieved at 15/3/2014. Retrieved from http//books.google.com.my/books?id=2g5GJtBFwo0Cpg=PA645lpg=PA645dq=difference+between+ac+and+dc+voltammetrysource=blots=0PAeXF0kMSsig=ops4MLGzE7IfXoO2lN1p73jt4Aohl=ensa=Xei=XQknU_PeJsnIiAfXx4CQCgredir_esc=yv=onepageqf=falseHarvey, D., (2000), Modern Analytical Chemistry, McGraw Hills, United States of America, pg 508-527.Jurgen, (2003). Cyclic Voltammetry-Electrochemical spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie 23(11),831918.Retrieved from http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/do i/10.1002/anie.v2311/issuetocCarl,H, Andrew,V., (1998),Electrochemical Methods, Fundamental and application(2 ed.) pg 236-242Brett,M. ,Oliveria,B.(1993),Electrochemistry Principles,Methods and Applications pg 225-227.Nikola , B. ,(1992)., Determination of elemental sulphur, sulphide and their mixtures in electrolyte solutions by a.c. voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 267(1), 157-164. Retrieved at 5/3/2014. Retrieved from http//www. acquirementdirect.com/science/article/pii/0003267092850182Wang J. (2006).,Analytical Electrochemistry (3rd ed.). Hoboken, United States John Wiley Sons, IncAC voltammetry. (n.d.)., from University of Cambridge. Center for research in electrochemical science and technology Retrieved March 9, 2014.,Retrieved from http//www.cheng.cam.ac.uk/research/groups/electrochem/JAVA/electrochemistry/ELEC/l6html/cvac.html