Olympics Essay -- essays research papers

The surpassingsThe Olympics are a huge sporting event that contains umpteen different sports and consists of many different countries from around the world.Back in past Greece is where the antediluvian patriarch Olympics originated. It was primarily a part of a religious fete in honor of Zeus the father of Greek Gods and Goddesses. The Olympics where held at the sanctuary of Zeus at capital of Washington, which is in Western Peloponnesos. From 776 BC, the games took place at Olympia every 4 years for almost 12 centuries. In 776 BC the only event was the Stadion Race that was a foot race 600 feet long, Koroibos, a cook from Elis, won it. Additional athletic events were gradually added until by the fifth century BC it was a 5-day program that consisted of three foot races, the pentathlon, boxing, wrestling, pankration, and the hoplitodromos. The Greeks that came to the bema of Zeus at Olympia shared the same religious beliefs and intercommunicate the same language. there where no females in the Olympics at this time so all the athletes where males who came from every corner of the Greek world, as far as Iberia in the West and the Black Sea in the East. Although the ancient games where arranged in Olympia, from 776 BC through 393 AD, it took 1503 years for the Olympics to return. The first modern Olympic games took place in Athens Greece in 1896. The man responsible for the renascence was a Frenchman named Baron Pierre De Coubertin, who presented the thought process in 1894. His original idea was to present the modern games in 1900 in his hometown Paris. But others were so longing with the idea that they convinced him to move it to 1896 and have Athens host it.There were many great athletes throughout the history of the Olympics, But where some of the athletes suited of earning a dough worth a hefty amount of money. This interrogate has came about a numerous amount of times. But the word athletic supporter is a Greek word that means one who competes for a prize and is in addition related to the Greek words athlos intend contest and athlon meaning prize. According to the Roman author Plutarch, an Olympic victor who was a citizen of Athens could expect to receive in the year 600 BC a cash reward of 500 drachmai, a literal fortune. Later in Hellenistic periods, pensions for athletes became more formalized and could actually be bought and sold.But were the ancient Olympics just for men? Along with the athletic conte... ....Summer Winter1896-Athens 1924-Chamonix 1900-Paris 1928-St.Moritz1904-St.Louis 1932-Lake hushed1908-London 1936-Garmisch-Partenkirchen1912-Stockholm 1948-St.Moritz 1920-Antwerp 1952-Oslo 1924-Paris 1956-Cortina dAmpezzo 1928-Amsterdam 1960-Squaw Valley1932-Los Angeles 1964-Innsbruck1936-Berlin 1968- Grenoble1948-London 1972-Sapporo1952-Helsinki 1976-Innsbruck1956-Melbourne 1980-Lake Placid1960-Rome 1984-Sarajevo1964-Tokyo 1988-Calgary 1968-Mexico City 1992-Albertville 1972-Munich 1994-Lillehammer1976-Montreal 1998-Nagano1980-Moscow 2002-Salt Lake City 1984-Los Angeles1988-Seoul1992-Barcelona1996-Atlanta2000-Sydney2004-Athens               There is also statues up that are there to commemorate those who had been caught cheating or Bribing at the Olympic games. These were set up on the walkway leading from the heart and soul of the altis to the vault that leads to the stadion, not by accident the path that leads to the entrance of the athletic competition.     The Olympics are a great tradition and they will last a very long time just like its done in the past.

‘In Paris With You’ by James Fenton and ‘Hour’ by Carol An Duffy Essay

James Fenton born(p) 25th of April 1949 is a juvenile English poet, journalist a literary critic and was similarly a former Oxford professor of rhyme. He wrote several books almost poetry broadly speaking roughly human relationship and war like the collection of songs The Memory of state of war. He received multiple of awards for his poetry, the latest was in 2007 when he was rewarded a Queens Gold Medal for Poetry. Carol Ann Duffy born 23 December 1955 is also a modern Scottish poet and playwright. Her poetry style speaks ab give away everyday life beats through stages of her life about complete, memory and languages. She wrote poetry collection, children books and plays. Both poets show heavy touchings about spot in their respectful meters simply each poem contains diverse table of contents but apply to the same theme bonk.In genus Paris With You makes the lector forecast that the poem is amative but it actually an anti-clich poem that focuses in the main on t he poets vitriolicness towards screw because he speaks about his experience with his rejected savor and his rebound relationship, the poem rejects conventional topics about contend. He might subscribe to been in cacoethes before and she left him, that is seen when he says Yes Im angry at the way Im been bamboozled. and that is why hes hurt and in need of forgetting about his former honeyr but isnt quite there barely when he starts the poem in a minus way wear downt talk to me of love. Ive had an earful This suggests that the narrator finds the consequence of love difficult to discuss because of his share of love and heartbreak.Throughout the poem forefathert is repeated and that indicates repetition in the first and last cardinal stanza, it also shows how controlling Fenton was with his former buff when hes unendingly saying Dont as she left him. This gives the scaner an flavour of the poet is possessive and heartbroken because of the ending of his former relations hip. The sentence Dont talk to me of love and that proves that the man is determined on keeping the subject of love out of a conversation and detest it be brought up by cause of his heartbreak from his past relationship as if difficult to protect himself from further pain. I find the way the poet started the poem in a oppose way really intense because the poet jumps into the subject without pleasantries towards love and doesnt hide his distaste towards it and shows his deep bitterness against love.Fenton also dialogue about how hes victimized and has a feeling of self-pity by love throughout the poem when he describes the state he has been when his relationship ended with his ex lover, how he exhausted it hurt and drowning his misery with alcohol to help him forget. In the first stanza, he says Im single of your talking wounded. That has a strong imaging of war because wounded suggests that individual is injured in battle and in this case, injured because of love. The p oet also mentions that Im a hostage.Im maroonded and that show us his emphasize on him being abandoned and deserted as he describes it as hes trapped and stranded. He uses metaphors when he says that hes really trapped as a hostage and left totally in an inescapable bit. He shows rebellion when he says maroonded or else quarantined which is the right term. It gives the reader and idea of how painful love is to the poet and lowers the readers expectations of romance and love. Fenton uses a comical rhyme in wounded and maroonded to tack a humor into the poem to lighten up the mood of the poem despite the bitterness. I think that the way the poet describes himself is in a scourge state after being deceived by love.The poems human action In Paris With You suggests a quixotic theme but its ironic that Paris is the city of love but Fenton is yet in Paris because hes on the rebound but only because Paris reminds him of his former relationship. He uses repetition of Im in Paris wi th You throughout the poem reflects the verbalisers insistent density on the present. Fenton then goes off listing to show his disdain towards Paris landmark and how he doesnt want to visit Paris romantic landmarks If we skip the Champs Elysees meaning he would sort of remain here in this sleazy, old hotel room meaning that the poet rejects the traditional and usual romantic gestures and dresss in Paris and that they are un principal(prenominal) and that shows us that he doesnt manage about the scenery around him as long being unneurotic with his lover, but stay in Paris is only about being on the rebound to forget his former love, and that hed rather stay in a cheap hotel room instead of leaving out to romantic Paris features.It creates an image in the readers mind of the tone of this poem where it goes from bitter, sad and mournful and tells us that the poet doesnt actually care about the woman or lover he had in company. Theres enjambment between stanzas three and fou r in in this sleazyOld hotel room. That is utilize because the poet wants the poem read in a faster pace instead of a belatedly one without pauses in between stanzas so it shows the poets thoughts. I think the way the poet emphasize his bitterness towards love resulted to him turning towards alcohol and lust, his deportment is relatable in many ways because after a heartbreak, deal race to try to forget their feelings and their aching heart.Hour talks about how conviction is an enemy of love and how it destroys love with how quick it goes, that sentence is an obstacle for love and Duffy starts the poem with Loves time beggar, which is personification and it suggests that love is interdependent and is a slave for time, that it doesnt last forever and that is a negative sign. This has a huge impact on the reader because when being in love, there is never enough time to spend together with your lover and it goes quickly. The personification show us the image of love being a be ggar and time being someone who would pass by and offer, that is when Duffy used but even a single hour, bright as a dropped coin, makes love rich.And that means that time, which is the passer, offers love only an hour to be spent on and narrator values that and it also shows strong imagery of richesiness to present that the love is far more unprecedented than all the riches in the world. This also suggests to the reader that the time spent between the speaker and her love is valuable for the two of them. Like I said above, love being put as a beggar has a negative tone and that only highlights the fact that time is a problem for love. The poem is a extended metaphor that time wastes love and that is seen when the narrator says For thousands of seconds we court and that could only mean that the narrator in the poem has been counting the time because she still couldnt get enough of her lover.Throughout the poem, the poet uses various of imagery of wealth that identifies that th e narrator finds the hour spent with her love one precious to her, Duffy uses the sentence love spins gold, gold, gold from straw, which links to the story of Rumplestilskin where it also talks about how straw turns to gold, it also introduces the contrast to show that opposite things mentioned in the poem like jewel and cuckoo spit and in the sentence, the poet says that love is spinning from straw which is negative and an ordinary thing to gold demonstrate that love is cherished and valued.If the reader has experienced love in their life, they allow for find themselves relating to certain parts of the poem and find that longing love does indeed block you finding the small amount of time precious. Duffy uses illusion like gold and wealth imagery when she mentions coin rich cling to and etcetera to emphasize that love is more valuable than all the wealth and treasures of the world. I could agree that being in love with someone could leave you dependent on that person and set them as your reason of happiness and that is a graceful thing, however, people shouldnt rely on love too much because it will leave them in pain when the opposite person break their heart or falls out of love.Duffy uses romantic imagery in the first stanza, line 3 and 4 where she shows how unloving scenery is more than enough for her that her and her lover would rather be out in nature. She says Spend it not on flowers or wine, but the substantial of the summer sky and a mark ditch. And that the place to her isnt important as long as her lover and she are together, she prefers the outdoors because of the rude(a) setting that surrounds them because of its simplicity. It also displays sign of sibilance and the effectiveness of the narrators feeling and her lover would rather enjoy the nature and the natural air instead of going on typical and traditional dates (courting) and that shows non-conventional ideas of love.The reader would find the idea of being out in nature a bi t weird for dates but some may relate. Duffy suggests that the summer sky and a grass ditch which is far away from being a traditional place to spend with your love one but the narrator finds it an exceeding filling to enjoy the summer sky and not be distracted with people in public, romantic places because the narrator only has an hour to spend it with her love. I find the setting of the poem odd to be a place spent by two people but it only defines who her lover and her are as a couple in this society and how different they are from the rest of normal couples and that is special.Both poems have similarity because they both show vivid feeling conveyed by the poet. Whilst In Paris with You is bitter towards love, Hour is more about how time is an obstacle for love and spend an hour with your loved one is precious. The structure in both poems is also different. The similarities between both poems use metaphoric language to describe wound up feelings and also write in first pe rson. I like the In Paris With You poem because it had a deeper meaning into the words and people would have to read between the lines to finally get it with poetry. Hour is a beautiful poem but I didnt find myself pulled deeper into the words but Duffy does display both light and darkness and that is something interesting.

Effect of cashless police in nigeria Essay

Vol. 1 (2), pp. 040-043, April 2013.Research ArticleImpact of Cash little Economy in Nigeria*Omotunde Muyiwa1, Sunday Tunmibi,1 and John-Dewole A.T.21School of Computer Science, Mathematics and Information Technology, Houdegbe newton Ameri wad University, Republic of Benin.2Department of Computer Science with Electronics, readiness of Information Technology and Applied Sciences Lead City University, I spoiltan. Nigeria.*Corresponding causes email folatunde2004yahoo.comABSTRACTThis paper studied the daze of currencyless insurance in Nigeria. The insurance insurance policy was introduced by Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in declination 2011 and was kick-started in Lagos in January 2012. Survey research was adopted with questionnaire as entropy collection instrument. Responses from the respondents read that propertyless policy result increase employment get down gold related robbery at that placeby reducing risk of carrying notes goldless policy leave also ignore hard currency related subversive activity and attract more than foreign investors to the country. The study, therefore, battle arrays that the establishment of currencyless scrimping in Nigeria prat be seen as a step in the right direction. It is  judge that its impact will be felt in modernization of Nigeria allowance system, lessening in the cost of banking services, decrease in high security department and safety risks and also curb banking related corruptions.Keywords Cashless delivery, Cashless policy, Lagos tell, Nigeria.INTRODUCTIONCashless thriftiness is an prudence where transaction sewer be done with step to the fore necessarily carrying fleshly cash as a means of exchange of transaction but quite an with the use of creed or debit card payment for goods and services. The cashless economy policy initiative of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is a move to correct the financial terrain but in the long ladder sustainability of the policy will be a function of endorsement and compliance by end-users (Ejiro, 2012). The CBN cash policy stipulates a daily cumulative limit of N150, 000 and N1, 000,000 on assuage cash withdrawals and lodgments by individual and corporate customers respectively in the Lagos State with effect from March 30, 2012.Individuals and corporate organizations that make cash transactions supra the limits will be charged a service fee for amounts supra the cumulative limits. Furthermore, 3rd party cheques above N150, 000 shall not be suitable for encashment over the heel counter with effect from January 1, 2012. Value for such cheques shall be receive by the clearing house. All Nigerian banks were anticipate to cease cash in transit lodgment services rendered to merchant-customers from January 1, 2012.The policy through the innovational use of information technology facilitates fund transfer, thereby reducing season wasted in Bank(s). Wizzit, a fast growing mobile banking participation in South Africa has ove r three hundred thousand customers crosswise South Africa. Likewise, M-PESA was introduced in Kenya as a small value electronic system that is accessible from ordinary mobile phones. It has experienced exceptional yield since its introduction by mobile phone operator (Safaricom) in Kenya in March, 2007 and has already been adopted by nine million customers, which is about 40% of Kenyas adult commonwealth. Wizzit and some other mobile financial services including MPESA in Kenya be dish outing low income Afri evicts make financial transaction across long distance with their cellphones, thereby reducing their travel cost and eliminating the risks of carrying cash and also avoiding most banking charges (Akintaro, 2012).It is assumed that the proper carrying out of mobile phones and other technologies can aid the implementation of cashless policy and hence, the harvest of cashless economy in Nigeria. The introduction of the implementation of cashless policy (policy is program of actions adopted by government) began in Lagos State, Nigeria. Why Lagos? According to Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2011) Lagos state accounted for 85% of POS and 66% of cheques transaction in Nigeria. Cashless economy aims at reducing the amount of physical cash circulating in the Nigeria economy and thereby encouraging more electronicbased transaction. According to Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2011) the policy is expected to sink cost incurred in maintaining cash-based economy by 90% upon its affluent implementation in Nigeria. This study aims to look at the impact of cashless economy in Nigeria.www.gjournals.org40Greener ledger of Internet, Information and Communication SystemsVol. 1 (2), pp. 040-043, April 2013.2. outline LITERATURE REVIEWCashless economy is not the complete absence of cash, it is an sparing setting in which goods and services atomic number 18 bought and paid for through electronic media. According to Woodford (2003), Cashless economy is defined as o ne in which there are assumed to be no transactions frictions that can be reduced through the use of money balances, and that accordingly provide a reason for holding such balances even when they earn rate of return. In a cashless economy, how much cash in your wallet is practically irrelevant. You can pay for your purchases by any one of a plethora of credit cards or bank transfer (Roth, 2010).(2004) observed that developed countries of the world, to a large extent, are moving away from paper payment instruments toward electronic ones, especially payment cards. Some aspects of the functioning of the cashless economy are enhance by e-finance, e-money, e-brokering and e-exchanges. These all refer to how transactions and payments are effected in a cashless economy (Moses-Ashike, 2011). Marco and Bandiera (2004) argue that increased usage of cashless banking instruments strengthens pecuniary policy effectiveness and that the current level of e-money usage does not pose a threat to the stability of the financial system. However, it does conclude that central banks can drowse off control over monetary policy if the government does not run a responsible fiscal policy.Echekoba and Ezu (2012), in a research carried out in Nigeria, observed that 68.2% of the respondent complained about long queues in the bank, 28.9% complained of bad attitude of teller officers (cashiers) while 2.89% complained of long distance of bank locations to their ingleside or work places. Likewise, in her 24th NCS national conference in December 2011, CBN data shows that 51% of withdrawal done in Nigeria was through automated teller machine (ATM), while 33.6% was through over the counter (OTC) cash withdrawals and 13.6% through Cheques. earnings was also done through dit of sales machine (POS) which accounted for 0.5% and web 1.3%. Therefore, if the introduction of ATM in Nigeria cash withdrawals system reduced OTC withdrawal then it will implies that introduction of cashless policy support ed by application of information technology can achieve more to reduce over dependent on cash payment in Nigeria economy system.However, Akhalumeh and Ohioka (2011) observed some challenges with the introduction of cashless policy. Their findings show that 34.0% of the respondents cited difficulty of internet fraud, 15.5% cited problem of limited POS/ATM, 19.6% cited problem of illiteracy and 30.9% stayed apathetic the respondent not been sure of problem been expected or experienced. season in some quarters there was fear of unemployment, some call back it will create more jobs especially when companies manufacturing POS machine are cited in Nigeria. More so, data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria portal shows that Lagos state, with a population of 17 million people, only has sixty one Point Of Sales, xx bank branches and twenty four ATMs per 100,000 people which are far less to satisfy the needs of the population. These data verify the claim of Echekoba and Ezu (2012) on the problem of cash based economy and cashless policy in Nigeria. For effective cashless implementation in Nigeria availability of sufficient and closely-functioning infra complex body part (notably electricity), harmonization of fiscal and monetary policy, regular assessment of the performance of cashless banking channels, consideration of the present state and structure of the economy, redesign of monetary policy framework and greater efforts towards economic growth whilst managing inflation should be considered (Odior and Banuso, 2012). 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis study was carried out, using inadvertent s antiophthalmic factorling method, in Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 500 traders, students and civil servants were sampled. Questionnaire was apply as data collection instrument, with questions on demographics and benefits of cashless economy in Nigeria. The major statistical technique used was descriptive (use of frequency tables and charts).4. RESULT4.1 Demographicsre sponses on gender show that male respondents accounted for 55.6% while the female respondents are 44.4%. auspicate 1 and Figure 2 presents the responses on age and occupation, respectively. For age, majority of the respondents are between 18 to 25 years, this is followed by those between 26 to 40 years while the least procedure are between 41 to 60 years. For occupation of the respondents, the highest voice (44.4%) is traders, followed by students (33.3%) and civil servants (22.2%).www.gjournals.org41Vol. 1 (2), pp. 040-043, April 2013.Greener Journal of Internet, Information and Communication Systems41-60 years22%18-25 years45%26-40 years33%Figure 1 Age of Respondents454035302520151050TradersStudentsCivil servantsFigure 2 Occupation of Respondents4.2 BenefitsTable 1 shows the view of respondents on benefits of cashless economy in Nigeria. The lowest percentage, 11.1% of the respondents, believed that cashless policy will increase employment. A higher percentage, 22.2% of the res pondents, believed that cashless policy in Nigeria will reduce cash related robbery thereby reducing risk of carrying cash. The highest percentage of the respondents believed that cashless policy will reduce cash related corruption (33.3%) and cashless policy will attract more foreign investors to the country (33.3%). Table 1 Benefits of Cashless Economy in NigeriaBenefits of Cashless EconomyIncrease employmentReduce cash related robberyReduce cash related corruption take out more foreign investmentTotalPercentage (%)11.1%22.2%33.3%33.3%100%www.gjournals.org42Greener Journal of Internet, Information and Communication SystemsVol. 1 (2), pp. 040-043, April 2013.5. CONCLUSIONThe study, impact of cashless economy in Nigeria, focused on the three major categories by which Nigerians can be divided traders, students and civil servants. More number of traders was sampled, compared to students and civil servants, because they are more into business and financial transactions. More so, a higher number of respondents within the age bracket of 18 and 25 years show that apart from students, quite a number of Nigerian youth are also into trade.This study shows that the introduction of cashless economy in Nigeria can be seen as a step in the right direction. It is expected that its impact will be felt in modernization of Nigeria payment system, reduction in the cost of banking services as well as reduction in high security and safety risks. This should also include keep banking related corruptions and fostering transparency.It is also assumed that the introduction of cashless policy in Nigeria will help to reduce the amount of bills and notes circulating in the economy. This should, therefore, reduce handling operation cost incurred on conventional money, as well as reduction in cash related crimes. It should also help to provide easy access to banking services for Nigerians.REFERENCESAkhalumeh, P.B., and Ohiokha, F. (2011) Nigerias Cashless Economy The Imperatives . transnational Journal of Management & Business Studies. vol.2 pp. 12 17.Akintaro, S. (2012) Going Cashless. IT & Telecom digest, online magazine, august,2012 CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA (2011) Towards a Cashless Nigeria Tools & Strategies. Nigerian Journal of Economy. 3(2), 344 350.Echekoba, F.N., and Ezu, G.K. (2012) Electronic Retail Payment Systems User Acceptability & Payment Problems in Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business & Management Review. vol.5, pp. 60 63. Ejiro, O. (2012) What Nigerians Think of the Cashless Economy Policy. Nigerian Journal of Economy. 4(6), 97 102.Humphrey, D. B. (2004) Replacement of cash by cards in U.S. Consumer Payments, Journal of Economics and Business, 56, 211225.Marco, A. and L. Bandiera (2004) -Monetary Policy, Monetary Areas and fiscal Development with Electronic Money, IMF Working Study, IMF.Moses-Ashike, H. (2011),Cashless Economic can Reduce find of Carrying Huge Cash, Online Available http//www.businessdayonline.com//2221 7.Odior, E.S., and Banuso, F.B. (2012) Cashless Banking in Nigeria Challenges, Benefits & Policy Implications. European Scientific Journal. Vol 8, pp. 12 16.Roth, B. L. (2010). The Future of Money The Cashless Economy Part 1. Online Available https//www.x.com//future-money-cashless-economypart-i. Woodford M. (2003). Interest & Price Foundation of a surmisal of Monetary Policy, Princeton University Press.www.gjournals.org43

Declaration of Principles and State Policies Essay

To shed light on the meaning of the other provision of the Constitution To guide all departments in the implementation of the Constitution order to lay down the primary rules characterizing our regime systemPrinciplesThe Philippines is not exclusively a republi prat still as well as a democratic claim. both individual is a reservoir of reign.While sovereign military forces be delegated to the agencies of the government, reign itself remains with the stack, by whom and for whom all government last and acts. Manifestations of a egalitarian and Republican Sate1. The existence of the Bill of Rights2. The observance of the principle that the telling cannot pass irreparable natural law of natures3. The observance of the principle that the allege cannot be sued without its comply4. The observance of the rule of majority5. The observance of the principle that ours is a government of law and not of men 6. The observance of the principle of separartion of powers of checks and balances 7. The observance of the law of public officers known as administrative laws 8. The observance of election by dint of popular will or the right of suffrage 9. Supremacy of noncombatant authority over the military10. Separation of Church and disk operating systemWhat sorting of war is renounced by the Philippines?The kind of war that we renounced is an offensive war but not defensive Anchored on the principle of self-preservation and the right of the recount to exist The Philippines adopts the habitually accepted principle ofinter guinea pig law International law a body of rules and principles which governs the relations and diplomatic intercourse among nationsWhat is the manifestation that noncombatant authority is supreme over the military?The making of the President, a civil as such, as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines Armed Forces the protector of the people and the State, and the decide of which is to secure the sovereignty of t he state and the integrity of the national territory A simple democratic principle intended to avoid authoritarianism and shogunateWhat is the prime duty of the Government as enunciated in Section 4 of Article II?Established to protect and to serve the social welfare of the people The government has an inherent right to existence and self-preservation, and as such, he may call upon the people to defend the State What blessings of democracy do the Filipinos admire?1. Maintenance of peace and order2. Protection of life, liberty, and property3. Promotion of general welfareWhat does the principle of separation of Church and State mean?The State is prohibited from interfering purely ecclesiastical affairs on the other hand, the Church is banned from meddling in purely secular matters In conformity with the provision in the Bill of Rights that no law shall be made respecting an establishment of organized religion or prohibiting the cease exercise thence1. The State shall have no offic ial religion.2. The State cannot set up a church (whether or not supported with public funds), service one religion, aid all religion, or prefer one religion over another.3. Every person is free to profess belief or disbelief on any religion.4. Every religious minister is free to practice his calling.5. The State cannot punish a person for entertaining or professing religious belief or disbelief.6. Religious sect cannot be registered as a poltical party Art. IX-C, Sec. 5 (2).7. No sphere of influenceal representatives from the religious sector Art. VI, Sec. 5 (2).8. Prohibitation against appropriation for sectarian benefit Art. VI, Sec. 29 (2).State Policies distant policy the primary rules underlying the conduct by a state of its affairs with any other State The government should not fall by the wayside to be dictated by any foreign power in the making of our foreign policy ConsiderationsNational sovereigntyTerritorial sovereigntyNational interestRight to self-determinatio nWhat is the policy of the State pertaining to thermonuclear weapons?Republic Act 69696 establishes the Philippines as a Nuclear-Free Zone (Art. II, Sec. 8) Nuclear power or nuclear medicine is not covered with the provisionsWhat are the underlying premises of Section 9?The enactment of measure that shall tin adequate social services in the field of housing, education, health, and employment is in truth a ministrant optional function of the government which, under the 1987 Constitution, is now considered as a mandatory function The society must get wind that the prosperity and independence of the nation will free the people from poverty How can social justice be carried out in all phases of national development?Social justice giving what is due to an individual such as food, clothing, shelter, and even a little dignity the promotion of the welfare of all the people the adoption by the government of measures calculated to ensure economic stability of all component elements o f society the humankindization of laws and the leveling of social and economic forces so that justice in its rational and objectively secular conception may at least be approximated (Art. II, Sect. 10)Up to what extent does the State value the human dignity?The State set the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights (Art. II, Sec. 11)What is the meaning of family and why is the protection of the State begins from the time of conception?The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution The policy of the State against abortion by equally protecting the life of the mother and the unborn The State also supports the natural and primary duty of the parents in the rearing of the young for polite efficiency and the development of moral characterWhat is the constitutional duty of the State in promoting the well-being of the youth and women?

All Romances end in Marriage Essay

By this sequence Bathsheba was in love with Troy or believed she was. Troy alike thought he was in love only it was only infatuation. Bathsheba love Troy in the way that only self-reliant women love when they defect their self-reliance This shows that Bathsheba has given up her indep deceaseence that she relied on in the prehistoric for the love of Troy. unfearing changes the character of Bathsheba slightly by falling in love with Troy as she now has given up unmatched of her qualities that she relied on, her liberty. Hardys readers can see that Bathsheba has changed for love as she is has falsely fallen in love with Troy.Hardys readers know this is defile and in time things will change, as this is not the cause of truthful(a) love. Bathsheba and Troy eventually get married and that is when the ro valet de chambrece begins to end. The two constrain less infatuated with each other and start to become bitter. When Troy, Bathsheba and her work force argon celebrating on th at point marriage Troy gets rid of all the women and gets inebriate with all the men. Meanwhile Gabriel is outside all night in the squeeze trying to save the harvest. Bathsheba is greatly thankful for what he has done convey you for your devotion a thousand times Gabriel Hardy shows yet once more that Gabriel is the right man for Bathsheba through his loyalty, devotion and general good and right nature. The reader knows that Bathsheba is with the wrong man and hopefully it is only a content of time before her and Gabriel get together. When it is discovered that foundation is dead, Gabriel is the first to intuitive feeling at the coffin and notices that it says Fanny Robbin and child Gabriel rubs out and child as he knows the child is Troys and he does not fate her to get hurt as he cares for her. Liddy indeed informs Bathsheba that on that point is a rumour going about WeatherburyI mean that a dire story is got to Weatherbury within this last hour-that-that theres two ofe m in there Bathshebas curiosity overwhelms her and she decides to open the coffin. Hardy then uses poetry to tell the reader that there is a baby there A curious frame of natures work, A flow ret downhearted in the bud, A nameless piece of babyhood, When Troy comes in and discovers that Fanny is dead he kisses her and the baby. Bathsheba begs Troy to kiss her which shows her insecurity as she gave up her independence for him and now she wants to rely on but she knows that he til now loves her.After he says you are nothing to me she runs out. Hardy has finally shown the true character of Troy. He is an incredibly nasty person to say this to his married womanhood and now the reader knows it. The way he has treated Bathsheba all this time is unforgivable. Although Hardy has portrayed him as this malicious character he has prove that he did love Fanny and did not on the nose use her for versed pleasure. Troy eventually decides to get away from everything and fakes his own death. T his is where Boldwood comes in to routine again. He is still obsessively in love with Bathsheba and in doing so his farm is doing very badly.He makes a proposal to Bathsheba of adopting him in sise years afterwards Troy is officially declared dead. Well then, do you know that without further proof of any kind you may marry again in about six years from the present- subject to naughts objection or blame? Boldwood forces this offer upon Bathsheba and in the end she has to say that she will give him an answer at he Christmas party. Bathsheba. Although she believes her husband to be dead she does not wipe out along time in which she would cease to do things due to bereavement, she carries on and is cool and level headed.This shows yet again how she is in comparison with other women in the 19th century. unremarkably she would be expected to bereave, it would be her role but not Bathsheba she is assorted and more modern than other women. During the Christmas party Boldwood asked Bathsheba for her answer and she reluctantly utter yes Very well. Ill marry you in six years from this daytime if we both live, Boldwood was delighted and he then gave her a ring, which she was forced, to where for that night.Soon after they got back to the party Hardy brought a great thrill to the refreshing as Troy showed up to the party, cloaked. When Troy tried to grab Bathsheba, Boldwood opaline him dead. With Troy dead and Boldwood in prison the reader now knows that Hardy has left a big opening for Bathshebas heart. The only man left and the most decent man is Gabriel Oak. Finally Hardy gives the readers what they have wanted through out the whole novel. Gabriel asks Bathsheba to marry her and she accepts, they are currently married and the novel ends happily.Throughout this novel Hardy has shown three polar types of love, obsessive, infatuation and true love. Hardy is trying to say that there are many types of love, some are not real but there is one type that is real and that is true love. True love be the type of love where you love the person for who they are not just what they look like. Hardy also shows that Bathsheba resembles a 20th century woman more than a 19th century woman. She is modern and she is very independent. Her independence is one of her main qualities along with her vanity, which slowly faded away.

Mental model mind set wk

This great idea is a Brobdingnagian money maker for the company. Even though we be bout flip we know there will be employees that will feed doubts and concerns of this change, we atomic number 18 willing to take risks. A persons psychical bewilder/ mindset ignore be also known as ideas, beliefs, images, and verbal descriptions that we voluntarily or involuntarily form our own familiarities. psychogenic Models screens us to go through facts and ideas that make out or disregard our intensely held views and offer internal steadiness in a world of constant transformation.Mental models atomic number 18 created over so some years of experience and colonization. Mental models are tough to transform if they hold out threatened in the mind (Wind, Crook, &038 Gunter, 2005, preface). develop and Vernon has been with the business for many years. They have a rational mindset that is impossible to change. Mental models like them are known to be set in their ways. Bud and Versions b ehavior has make great impact on the company, so they are well regard and they are also a great assess to the company.It may be elusive to get Vernon to agree to the expansion and to try getting Bud to be on board with competing with other business. Changing mental model/mindsets is constantly needed in an organization today. Subconsciously, it is a truly difficult thing to do. Like Bud and Vernon, people must be calibre to change their mental mindset for betterment of the company, even if there are risks involved. Taking certain manakins to change throw out be a immense enhancement on the quality of your performance.Understanding boundaries and authority of mental models should be the depression steps our group should take at changing the mental mindsets of Vernon and bud so they could receive the proper information that they may come on board with the team. The second step the team should take is testing the relevance of mental models compared to the changing surrounding s meaning o create youthful models. Introducing Bud and Vernon to this second phase can show them how brand fresh ideas can change the company compared to what they are already familiar with.Reshaping the framework, the commending of others and by surpassing interferences to change is the third phase to changing a mental mindset. If we can get Bud and Vernon to identify their uncertainties of why they think the way they do then this would be valuable to the team. The fourth phase to changing a mental mindset is changing your perception by functioning swiftly on the new-fangled models, not stopping to irking out a method for valuing and supporting your models (Wind, Crook, &038 Gunter, 2005, preface).This should have Bud and Vernon to realize the limitations that they may have because of not accepting change can make them see how a new mindset can mean success for the company. Not having an overt mind toward certain concerns can put boundaries and limitations on a persons mental mindset. Mental models mindsets can be impacted by Education also. Mental model mindsets are shape by our education and it also practices stern that outlines view of the world (Jacobs, 2013). New mental models are more tolerant to Other people if they are more educate than to people who not.If we educated Bud and Vernon on the new money bearing opportunities on incomes and the exile production, this would undoubtedly be a great influence on their mindset. schooling is more like education too. An employee receiving training may feel very important to the company. Training can enhance an employees abilities in places that they are already good in. There are other extra services that impacts mental mindsets. Personal experiences and being influenced by others are extra services. Personal experiences can be tough to defeat because it can mold a persons personality.This makes abdominal aortic aneurysm Transportation difficult to reason with. Even though Bud and Vernon could be exagg erated with a strong influential like this, so the team is working continuously to see to them overpowering the force. The most commonly apply mental mindsets that guides my decision making are being able to endlessly investigating and smearing a method for evaluating and reinforcing the mindsets of our models. Our team is allowed to learn to adapt and apprehend the changing environment by using this mindset.

Ryanair Pestel

fire a PEST(EL) analysis as preparation for a scenario planning practise next week. POLITICAL Due to severe security measures, they had to cancel 279 flights and refunded 2. 7m. A loss of 1. 9m in reduced bookings Aer Lingus was fundamentally opposed to a spinal fusion with Ryanair, even if it raises its price 12. 6 % of the shareholding controlled by Aer Lingus, whose members rejected the offer by a 97% majority vote Opposed to the BAA airport monopoly plans to build a 4bn gold plated Taj Mahal at Stansted SOCIAL Europes leading budget air lane August 2006, Air Transport population magazine- most profitable air passage in the world 72% cast out response from a poll of readers of the Financial Times for one of its initiatives In 2006, its employees count by to a greater extent than 700, to 3. 500 people, comprising over 25 distinguishable nationalities In 2006, it was voted the worlds least favourite airline because of the hostile staff, delays and poor legroom The airline formerly refused to provide accommodation or repast vouchers when flights were cancelled or delayed, until it became illegal to do so in 2005ENVIRONMENTAL Deploying to a greater extent efficient aircraft that use less fuel and produce less defilement Concerns about greenhouse gases from carbon emissions Replace its fleet of old aircraft with new, more environmentally-friendly aircraft, reducing the average age of its fleet to 2. 4 years mod aircraft produced 50% less emissions, 45% less fuel burn and 45% lower noise emissions per sea ECONOMIC Its average paid was 49612, a higher figure than any other major European airline August 2006, Air Transport World magazine- most profitable airline in the world Cost-cutting/yield-enhancing measures for rider check-in and luggage handling could relieve more than 1 per passenger Web based check-in and priority boarding, save costs on check-in staff and airport facilities, as well as metre By tailoring rosters, they maximised productivity a nd time off for crew membersTECHNOLOGICAL Web based check-in and priority boarding Fleet of over 100 new Boeing 737-800 aircraft and firm orders for a throw out 138 new aircraft to be delivered over the next six years Stronger passenger safety body searched, banned from carrying liquids and gels in their carry-on luggage LEGAL Complying with EU regulations which impose a ceiling on pilot flying hours to save dangerous fatigue In litigation with various airport over landing charges Accused it of misleading passengers on its website by exaggerating the prices of its competitors in reservation comparisons Following flight cancellations due to increase in security measures, they fixed to file two legal cases against UK government In 2005, new order that offered compensation cost to passengers affected by delays, cancellations or denied boarding

I have a dream Speech Analysis Essay

In his speech Dr might says that we soak up come to our nations capital to cash a visit world power refers to a meritless check as blacks not getting their in force(p) rights. they dont get what was promised to them in the declaration of independence. major power states how one hundred years later the negro is lull not free and still experiences the flames of withering in judge. he refers to the 100 years as the 100 anniversary of the signing of the emancipation proclamation signed by lincoln in 1963 which freed the slaves. tabby claims the bad check as having meagre funds promised rights and justice.in his opening statements, king addresses thats they have come to cash a bad check. what he is referring to is the promised right in the declaration of independence. blacks were supposed to be promised rights which were guaranteed in the declaration of independence. all men yes all men would be guaranteed the inviolable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness b lacks were promised rights in the DOFI but these have provided to be realized . he states that the States has defaulted on a promissory note. america has yet to acknowledge this fact and probably ar disinclined to do it.king also addresses the bad check as having insufficient funds king refers to the insufficient funds as the lack of immunity and equality for blacks all across america. so weve come to cash this check check, a check that will give up upon the demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice King feels that the insufficient funds is a problem and results in great social unbalance between whites and blacks passim america. he feels that blacks should be given the same opportunities as their white counterparts. he also states that blacks refuse to believe the insufficient funds. we refuse to that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nationking goes further by stating how he feels justice needs to be served in order  to correct this bad check. now is the clip to make justice a reality for all of gods children, now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit line of racial justice king feels that there is a sweltering catch fire of injustice in america, full of racial segregation and inequality. he states at a time is the time because blacks have waited to long to be acknowledged by whites and have the same things they can do.in conclusion, king wants this bad check to be cashed so that whites and blacks can be one with each other(a) and dine together at the table of brotherhood blacks will be have their rights that were promised to all men in the declaration of independence, get dislodge of the insufficient funds of the bad check and solve the injustice that has plaqued america for years. now is the time for equality, now is the time for equal opportunity and freedom. king has a dream for the future and wants to see his dream come to fruition.

Pathophysiology of Asthma – Essay

Exam Case Scenario Pathophysiology of asthma attack Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by episodes in which the bronchioles constrict due to oversensitivity. In asthma, the flight paths (bronchioles) constrict making it difficult to get air in or out of the lungs. Breath littleness is the main symptom. The bronchi and bronchioles change state inflamed and constricted. Asthmatics usually fight back to triggers. Triggers argon substances and situations that would not normally trouble an asthma free person. Asthma is either extrinsic or intrinsic.Extrinsic is when the agitation in the airline business is a result of hypersensitivity reactions associated with allergy (food or pollen). Intrinsic asthma is linked to hyper antiphonary reactions to otherwise forms of stimuli like infection. Or they drive out nurture a conspiracy of both. The bronchi and bronchioles contain smooth muscle and argon lined with mucus-secreting glands (goblet cells) and ciliated cells (push the mucus towards the throat). Next to the airways melodic line supply in that location ar lots of mast cells.Once they become stimulated the mast cells release a number of cytokines (chemical messengers), which cause physiological changes to the liner of the bronchi and bronchioles. Three such protein cytokines are histamine, kinins and prostaglandins (leukotrienes) which cause smooth muscle contraction, increase mucus production and capillary tube permeability. The airways soon narrow and become deluge with mucus and fluid leaking from the blood vessels. Airflow becomes obstructed resulting in a wheeze.As the airways become obstructed the uncomplaining of depart become fatigue and their respiratory effort becomes weak and inadequate causing hypoxaemia and hypercapnia. Airway Assess the airway. If the uncomplaining is talking this means they have a patent (clear) airway accordingly they are breathing and have brain perfusion. Look and listen for signs of airway obstruct ion. A partial obstruction is often noisy, and in complete airway obstruction there are no breath sanitarys. Maintain and observe the airway and report some(prenominal) changes. If the airway does become compromised suction or sit the diligent up.If the patients level of conscious has alter carry out the query tilt and chin lift. If you have had airway management training insert an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway. vivacious Count the respiratory enjoin over 1 minute. The normal jog is between 14 20 resps per min. A spicy respiratory rate (tachypnoea) indicates that the patient is unwell and that the patient is struggling to breath. Evaluate the rate, rhythm and prudence of the breathing. Make sure the patients chest is moving every bit on both inclines (symmetrical), if not this could indicate a pneumothorax.Observe to see if the patient is using his or hers accessory muscle to breath (if the patient feels they are having difficulty getting enough oxygen, their body begins to clench these muscles every succession they breath in an attempt to acquire to a greater extent air) as this could be a sign of respiratory distress. Monitor the peripheral oxygen strength (SpO2) using a flash oximeter. A low SpO2 reading can indicate that the patient is in respiratory distress. Give oxygen as prescribed using a venturi mask. Check the rubric of the patients lips and tongue, central cyanosis indicates lack of oxygen to the skin.Listen to the patients breathing, breath sounds are normally quite. each abnormal sounds such as wheezing suggest that there could be a fluid build up in the lungs. Circulation Palpate the radiate pulse, assessing for the rate, quality and rhythm. The normal range for this is between 60-100 beats per min. An elevated pulse rate can be due to the patient organism in pain, fear or a sign of an infection. sexual conquest the patients blood pressure and insure that this is at bottom the normal range (100/60 140/90 mmHg) . Look at the patients colour in their hands and fingers, and check if the patient feels warm or cool. flyer the capillary refill time (CRT). Apply pressure to a fingertip, held at a level of the heart, for 5 seconds so that the skin becomes blanched and then(prenominal) release. Measure how long it takes for the colour to return. The normal capillary refill time is less than 2 seconds, anything over indicates reduced skin perfusion. Ask the patient if they have any chest pain, if so begin a ECG monitoring. Take the patients temperature. The normal range for this is 36-37. 5 degrees Celsius. A high temperature can be a sign of infection.The doctor whitethorn overly like to re-take the patients Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) because previous results showed respiratory acidosis. hindrance Assessment of disability involves evaluating the patients central offensive carcass function. Assess the patients level of consciousness using the AVPU scale. public lecture to the patient if they a re alert and talking they are sort out as A. If the patient is not fully awake establish whether they respond to the sound of your voice (opening their eyes, making any sounds) if they do they are classified as V.If the patient does not respond to voice administer a monstrous stimulus (gently rubbing the sternum bone). If they respond they are a P on the AVPU scale. And finally if they do not respond to any of the preceding(prenominal) they are a U, you should then move onto the more detailed Glasgow torpor Scale (GCS). You go out assess the patients pupils (eyes) and motor receipts (arms and legs) among other things to contact the patient a score out of 15 (15 being the highest). A GCS of fewer than 8 is a medical emergency and you would then have to go back to assessing the patients airway.Exposure It may be necessary to undress the patient, taking care to maintain their dignity at all time, in order to undertake a thorough head to toe check, looking out for any signs of D VT, sores or rashes. Always turn in consent before any procedure so always hold back the patient informed of what it is you are doing. Reassure the patient to reduce anxiety and try to make them as comfortable as possible. Ask the patient if they are in any pain and get the doctor to prescribe an appropriate analgesia.If the doctor has prescribed the patient antibiotics ensure that blood cultures are done prior to giving the patient their antibiotics, this will give an holy result from the lab. Give the patient any other due medicament making sure to ask if they have any known allergies. unfluctuating peak flows should be done on the patient pre and post medication, this will tell us if the medication being given to the patient is operative or not. Spirometry test will show how well the patient breathes in and out and it is to a fault used to monitor the severity of some lung delimitates, and their response to word.Take a mid stream urine sample from the patient and twilight stick, depending on the results send down to the lab. The doctor might also require a chest x ray from the patient. Complete all the germane(predicate) chance assessment such as the Waterlow score (patients are classified according to their risk of developing a pressure sore), the MUST score (screening tool to identify adults who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition), falls risk assessment (what the chances are of the patient falling) and Moving and use (if the nurses are required to use any equipment on the patient).And the patients hygiene needs must be assessed and if necessary an appropriate nursing plan must be put into place. Start the patient on a fluid chart, making sure to write down any IV fluids that they have. The cannula site must be checked and the patient must have a VIP score to make sure there are no signs of phlebitis. A sputum sample must also be collected and sent to the lab. Carry out a blood glucose test to ensure that the patients blood glucose l evels are within normal ranges (4-7 mmol/l). A referral should be made to the respiratory nurse who will provide support to patients who suffer from chronic respiratory diseases.Give patient advice to keep off any triggers that they are aware of, advice on medication and if relevant give advice on smoking cessation. Symbicort combination inhaler containing budesonide and formoterol Inhalers are used to renounce drugs to relieve or stay fresh the symptoms of asthma. Budesonide Corticosteroid drug used in an inhaler to prevent attacks of asthma but will not freeze an existing attack. Budesonide is used by patients whose asthma is not controlled by bronchodilators alone. Budesonide controls symptoms by reducing inflammation in the swollen inner layers of the airways.By subdueing airway inflammation they reduce the swelling (oedema) inside the bronchioles. There are fewer side effects to the drug when inhaled because it is absorbed by the body in practically littler quantities th an when it is taken orally. Budesonide is usually taken twice a daylight and normally lasts between 12 to 24 hours. Asthma prevention is the condition for which prolonged use may be required. There may be a small risk of glaucoma, cataracts, and effects on bone with high doses inhaled for a prolonged period.Side effects include a cough, sore throat Formoterol Bronchodilators are prescribed to widen the bronchioles and improve breathing. Bronchodilator drugs act by relaxing the muscles surrounding the bronchioles. Formoterol is from the sympathomimetic group which is mainly used for the fast relief of breathlessness. Sympathomimetic drugs interfere with nerve signals passed to the muscle through the autonomic nervous arrangement. Because sympathomimetic drugs stimulate a branch of the autonomic nervous body that controls the heart rate, the patient may sometimes feel palpitations or trembling.People with heart problems, high blood pressure or an overactive thyroid gland will ha ve to be extra cautious. Salbutamol inhaler/nebuliser Salbutamol is a sympathomimetic bronchodilator that relaxes the muscle surrounding the bronchioles. It is used to relieve symptoms of asthma. Inhalation is considered more effective because the drug is delivered directly to the bronchioles, thus giving rapid relief, allowing smaller doses and causing fewer side effects. Compared to some similar drugs it has little stimulant effect on the heart rate and blood pressure, making it safer for tribe with heart problems.Salbutamol is usually taken 1-2 inhalations 3-4 times a day, usually starts operative within 5-15 min and can last up to 6 hours. The closely common side effect of salbutamol is fine tremor of the hands also anxiety, tension and restlessness may occur. Prednisolone A powerful corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation and suppress allergic reactions and immune system activity. Corticosteroid drugs reduce inflammation by blocking the action of chemicals called prosta glandins that are responsible for triggering the inflammatory response.These drugs also temporarily depress the immune system by reducing the activity of certain types of white blood cell. Because corticosteroids suppress the immune system, they increase susceptibility to infection. They also suppress symptoms of infectious disease. IV Hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid used in the palmment of a variety of allergic and inflammatory conditions. Hydrocortisone is chemically very(a) to the hormone cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal glands. Prolonged high dosage may cause diabetes, glaucoma, fragile bones and thin skin.Aminophylline Aminophylline is a bronchodilator used to dainty bronchospasm (constriction of the air passages) in patients suffering from asthma. It can be used to treat acute attacks. Slow-release formulations of the drugs produce beneficial effects lasting for up to 12 hours, they are also useful taken at night to prevent night-time asthma and early morning wheezing. Side effects are headaches and nausea. green goddess and alcohol increase excretion of xanthines from the body, reducing their effects.

Maya Lin a Strong Clear Vision Essay

This documentary was very(prenominal) moving I was amazed to learn that Maya Lins plan was picked from so many It is stupefying that a board of representatives chose her design from all others. A twenty stratum old student had a vision that was so moving. Ive been to the story many times, and it has always brought me to tears. After viewing this documentary, I had the opportunity to go see it again. This time, it meant so much more to me having heard Lins explanations on how she conceptualized it. Maya Lin had been viewed as a young woman who hadnt served in the military, and as an Asian, the view became flat more controversial.Various groups in the the Statesn unexclusive came forward to publicly debate whether Lins study adequately or appropriately memorialized the US citizens who had lost their lives in what was the most disastrous and unpopular war in US history. Groups such as military veterinarys groups, politicians as well as average citizens were making this memorial a very politically charged issue. The documentary shows Maya Lin very stoic, and stead-fast in her design. She was unwilling to plan or give up on making this vision a reality. This speaks volumes of the vitrine of woman Maya Lin is, even at such a young, declare oneself age.It was as if she knew that this memorial must be made, and that the public needed this type of senseally charged outlook The arguments against Lins design centered to begin with on its form, and the simple manner the design presented the memorialization of the Vietnam vets. Some populate were demanding statues. One particular representative argued that the blocks be a different colouring material than black and that they be above ground. Some groups were arguing that by displace the memorial into the ground was like burying them, and non honoring them. Maya Lins presentation is based on the premise of both presence and absence.Her design allows the viewer to be competent to see themselves in the stone , while able to read the names of those who will never be physically stand for again. It is a basic memorialization in presentation, but in emotion, it has a very powerful effect. At one point during the film, Lin said that she knew that the minute would make people cry, and that was the point. The rest of the documentary deals with Lins post-Vietnam Memorial career. Although her work portrayed in the film is very interesting, and important, it does lack the impact of the scratch sequence. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial was such a monumental event in US history.Before the memorial, the Vietnam War had been dealt with primarily in film, poetry, and fiction. Now, it was inscribed in Americas most historically documented site, the National Mall. For me, I intend that this speaks volumes of the artist herself. The simplicity of the design rend so much emotion and charge, from a soft spoken 20 year old Yale student, who since then, had not strived for notoriety, but for her art to bel ong to everyone. She has used this representation again with the inscribed words, dates and names in the polished stone she created for the Civil Rights Memorial and Womens Table at Yale.In the film, she is portrayed as a kind artist, creating humane spaces for both the living and the dead. I am a veteran of two wars. I have served my country in both Afghanistan as well as Iraq. Of course, I have very personal ties to the feelings of misinterpret and non-appreciation. Most veterans dont ask for notoriety, a parade, or even a statue. What we do ask for is that our brothers and sisters that were not able to come theatre are memorialized and remembered properly. Not pomp and circumstance, but in subtle context. I appreciate the work of Maya Lin and think she represented that perfectly

Herborist: Marketing and Skin Care Products

PROMOTION The objectives of Herborist publicity atomic number 18 to increase the new Herborist product aw beness, increase number of sales, mint customers, enhance product recognition and brand identity. Hopefully, forwardings give alike benefits consumers by providing needed information about Herborist evaluate proposition. Since there atomic number 18 some(prenominal) major competitors and local players in the South Africa market, it is important to plan to nominate effective strategy especi eachy for new player with limited budget.Herborist promotion strategies get out emphasize promotional strategies that reflect the lifestyle of its audience, unique value proposition and the range of media available. Herborist will also development pull strategies which pissed focus on demand-driven strategy because we are target directly to the fire user. Pull strategies will include free samples, public promotional events much(prenominal) as communities portray event, door-to-d oor sales, point-of-sale displays, Internet marketing campaigns and telemarketing campaigns.Media campaigns designed to associate the product with a public good much(prenominal) as Chinese herbal naturalism which will differentiate Herborists product with existing skin care products from the competitors in the market. There are several proposal taglines we can use for Herborist in South Africa * strike from harmony with nature * Beautiful & Unique You * Herborist, Herbal for Your earthy Beauty * Feels Natural * Real Herbal, Real Beauty, and Real You Media Plan in a advanceder place the LineTV, Radio, modernspaper & Magazine Herborist will focus on the postulate broadcasting channel with SABC1, SABC2 and SABC3. SABC1 has the highest viewership, at 70. 6% of the adult population followed by SABC2 with 60%, e. tv with 57. 1%, SABC3 with 47. 6%. For other media, Herborist will educate together with Media24 that has The Daily Sun, The paper has a daily circulation of ove r calciferol 000 and readership of 7. 7-million, while Media24s other dailies require a circulation of over 800 000. For magazines, Media24 Magazines publishes more than 60 titles selling more than 5. -million magazines a month that are read by more than 8. 7-million people. Banner, Billboard Brochure A high quality multi-folded leaflet is to be promoted and distributed to all spa centers, stores, salon and malls. The placement of billboard will also crucial and important. We will place the billboard in the strategic locations which has high traffic of potential customer. The billboard banner will explicit with other using bright white with light green touch to resemble natural healthy and using English tagline to give high end product.Online marketing The network user in South Africa has change magnitude significantly and double from only 5 per 100 people to 10 per 100 people. The internet could also reach wider market and will be delivered to costumer with higher educat ion and income. Regarding digital media, there were 10. 9 internet users per 100 people, 8. 5 personal computers per 100 people and 72. 4 electric cell subscribers per 100 people. Web pages indexed by Google were estimated at more than 10 billion. We also expand our relationship with Media24 Its space on the internet, 24. om , It provides a range of online services, such as careers, shopping, classifieds, property, health, free mail, instant messaging, blogs and photo albums. Media24 also owns South Africas approximately popular news site, News24. com Below The Line Sponsorship & solvent Marketing We will be the sponsor for Miss South Africa Beauty boast that has been going for almost 50 years. In May 2012, we also are going to sponsor Professional Beauty Durban in Durban that will be focus on trend cosmetic in South Africa.In October 2012 we also are going to sponsor Look & Feel ripe(p) Expo in Cape Town. In addition, we are going to have event marketing throughout the ye ars in beauty demo in small communities also giving public training in skin care products. Sales Promotions There are several slipway to promote Herborist. Promotion 1 25% kill benefits for New Clients in the Spa to take customers away from competitors. Offer them a former to give your salon a chance. Furthermore, $10 Off Next Service Every now and then, we need to make our clients special.Promotion 2 Free $20 gift certificate with the Purchase of a $100 Herborist product. Our clients will lovemaking this idea. Not only are they buying something for friends or family, theyre acquire a gift for themselves. Or we could $10 Off on crossway Purchase of $100 or More. Promotion 3 10% Off for a Positive Online Review Many of our first time customers will look up reviews. We will encourage our positive customers to go on directory sites and leave a positive remark about their great experiences using Herborist products.Public Relations The week prior to soft launch, the major beauty e ditors are to be invited for a gala dinner where they will be pardon about Herborist products. This is done on a free of charge basis. local beauty salon and spa are also to be invited to participate. jet Opening of the Herborist to introduce Herborists product line to the region for all local residents and businesses is to be organised with an afternoon tea and snacks on offer. medicament and a viewing of the improved facilities will be available. Spa Event

Filipino Women Writers and Jose Garcia Villa Essay

Estrella D. Alfon (July 18, 1917 December 28, 1983) was a well-known prolific Filipina author who wrote in side of meat. Because of proceed poor health, she could manage only an A. A. full point from the University of the Filipinos. She therefore became a share of the U. P. writers club and earned and was given the privileged convey of National guild in Fiction post at the U. P. Creative Writing Center. She died in the year 1983 at the age of 66. Estrella Alfon was born in Cebu City in 1917. Unlike other writers of her clock time, she did not come from the intelligentsia.Her p bents were shopkeepers in Cebu. 1 She attended college, and analyze medicine. When she was mistakenly diagnosed with tuberculosis and sent to a sanitarium, she resigned from her pre-medical fostering, and left with an Associate of arts degree. Alfon has several children Alan Rivera, Esmeralda Mimi Rivera, Brian Alfon, Estrella Twinkie Alfon, and Rita Daday Alfon (deceased). She has 10 grandchildre n. Her untriedest daughter, was a stewardess for Saudi Arabian Airlines, and was post of the Flight 163 crew on August 19, 1980, when an in-flight fire forced the aircraft to territory in Riyadh.A delayed excreta resulted in the death of everyone on base the flight. Alfon died on December 28, 1983, following a heart attack suffered on-stage during Awards darkness of the troopsila Film Festival. Professional She was a student in Cebu when she rootage print her little stories, in periodicals such as Graphic periodical Magazine, Philippine Magazine, and the Sunday Tribune. She was a spirit levelwriter, playwright, and journalist. In spite of being a proud Cebuana, she wrote estimable exclusively in face. She published her graduation story, colorize Confetti, in the Graphic in 1935.She was the only female member of the Veronicans, an avant garde company of writers in the 1930s led by Francisco Arcellana and H. R. Ocampo, she was in like manner regarded as their muse. The Veronicans are recognized as the head start group of Filipino writers to write almost exclusively in English and were formed prior to the cosmos struggle II. She is to a fault reportedly the most prolific Filipina writer prior to World War II. She was a regular contributor to manila-based national powder magazines, she had several stories cited in Jose Garcia Villas annual honor rolls.Alfon was one writer who unashamedly pull from her own real-life experiences. In some stories, the firstly-person narrator is Estrella or Esther. She is not retributive a writer, but one who consciously refers to her act of physical composition the stories. In other stories, Alfon is unchanging easily identifiable in her first-person reminiscences of the past evacuation during the Japanese occupation estrangement from a husband life later on the war. In the Espeleta stories, Alfon uses the editorial we to indicate that as a member of that community, she shares their feelings and responses towards the incidents in the story.But she sometimes slips back to being a first-person narrator. The impression is that although she shares the sentiments of her neighbors, she is still a distinct personality who detaches herself from the scene in order to determine it better. This device of separating herself as narrator from the other characters is contained within the larger dodging of ? distantiation? that of the writer from her strongly autobiographical material. Thelma E. Arambulo In the 1950s, her short story, Fairy relation for the City, was condemned by the Catholic League of the Philippines as being detestable.3 She was even brought to court on these charges. While many of her fellow writers did support by her, many did not. These events hurt her deeply. 1 In spite of having only an A. A. degree, she was eventually appointed as a professor of Creative Writing at the University of the Philippines, capital of the Philippines. She was a member of the U. P. Writers C lub, she held the National Fellowship in Fiction post at the U. P. Creative Writing Center in 1979. 5 She would excessively respond on the Philippine Board of Tourism in the 1970s. Stories * Magnificence and separate Stories (1960)* Stories of Estrella Alfon (1994) (published posthumously) * Servant Girl (short story) * English Jose Garcia Villa Jose Garcia Villa (August 5, 1908 February 7, 1997) was a Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer, and painter. He was awarded the National Artist of the Philippines backup for books in 1973 as well as the Guggenheim Fellowship in creative make-up by Conrad Aiken. He is known to have introduced the reversed congruity tally scheme in writing poetry, as well as the grand use of punctuation marksespeciallycommas, which make him known as the comma Poet.He used the penname Doveglion (derived from Dove, Eagle, Lion), based on the characters he derived from himself. These animals were also explored by another poet e. e. cummin gs in Doveglion, Adventures in Value, a poetry dedicated to Villa. Villa was born on August 5, 1908, in Manilas Singalong district. His parents were Simeon Villa (a personal physician of Emilio Aguinaldo, the founding President of the First Philippine Republic) and Guia Garcia (a wealthy landowner). He graduated from the University of the Philippines Integrated direct and the University of the Philippines High schooltime in 1925.Villa enrolled on a Pre-Medical course in the University of the Philippines, but then switched to Pre-Law course. However, he realized that his true passion was in the arts. Villa first seek painting, but then turned into creative writing afterward exercise Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson. Writing career Villas tart poetic appearance was considered too aggressive at that time. In 1929 he published Man Songs, a series of erotic poems, which the administrators in UP found too bold and was even fined Philippine peso for obscenity by the Manila Cour t of First Instance.In that same year, Villa won Best narrative of the Year from Philippine Free Press magazine for Mir-I-Nisa. He also received P1,000 prize money, which he used to migrate to the United States. He enrolled at the University of vernal Mexico, wherein he was one of the founders of Clay, a mimeograph literary magazine. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, and pursued post-graduate range at Columbia University. Villa had gradually caught the attention of the countrys literary circles, one of the few Asians to do so at that time.After the publishing of Footnote to Youth in 1933, Villa switched from writing prose to poetry, and published only a handful of works until 1942. During the release of Have Come, Am Here in 1942, he introduced a new rhyming scheme called reversed consonance wherein, according to Villa The last sounded harmoniouss of the last syllable, or the last principal consonant of a word, are reversed for the corresponding rhyme. Thus, a rhyme f or near would be run or rain, green, reign. In 1949, Villa presented a poetic modality he called comma poems, wherein commas are placed after every word.In the preface of Volume Two, he wrote The commas are an integral and essential bust of the medium regulating the poems verbal density and time movement enabling each word to attain a pregnant tonal value, and the line movement to become more measures. Villa worked as an boyfriend editor for unfermented Directions Publishing in New York City mingled with 1949 to 1951, and then became director of poetry workshop at City College of New York from 1952 to 1960. He then left the literary scene and concentrated on teaching, first lecturing in The New School.The New School for cordial Research from 1964 to 1973, as well as conducting poetry workshops in his apartment. Villa was also a cultural attache to the Philippine Mission to the United Nations from 1952 to 1963, and an advisor on cultural affairs to the President of the Philip pines beginning 1968. Death On February 5, 1997, at the age of 88, Jose was found in a coma in his New York apartment and was rushed to St. Vincent Hospital in the Greenwich area. His death cardinal days later was attributed to cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia.He was buried on February 10 in St. Johns Cemetery in New York, wearing a Barong Tagalog. Personal In 1946 Villa married Rosemarie Lamb, with whom he has twain sons, Randy and Lance. They annulled ten years later. He also has three grandchildren. whole kit and boodle As an editor, Villa first published Philippine Short Stories Best 25 Short Stories of 1928 in 1929, an anthology of Filipino short stories written in English literature English that were mostly published in the literary magazine Philippine Free Press for that year.It is the second anthology to have been published in the Philippines, after Philippine Love Stories by editor Paz Marquez-Benitez in 1927. His first show of short stories that he has written w ere published under the title Footnote to Youth Tales of the Philippines and Others in 1933 while in 1939, Villa publishedMany Voices, his first collection poems, followed by Poems by Doveglion in 1941. Other collections of poems allow in Have Come, Am Here (1942), Volume Two (194 in that year when he emended.The Doveglion criminal record of Philippine Poetry in English from 1910. Three years later, he released a follow-up for The Portable Villa entitled The Essential Villa. Villa, however, went under self-exile after the 1960s, even though he was nominated for several major literary awards including the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. This was perhaps because of oppositions between his formalism (literature)formalist style and the advocates of proletarian literature who misjudged him as a petty bourgeois.Villa only resurfaced in 1993 with an anthology entitled Charlie Chan Is Dead, which was edited by Jessica Hagedorn Several reprints of Villas past works were done, including Appasio nata Poems in sycophancy of Love in 1979, A Parliament of Giraffes (a collection of Villas poems for young readers, with Tagalog language Tagalog translation provided by Larry Francia), and The Anchored Angel Selected Writings by Villa that was edited by Eileen Tabios with a foreword provided by Hagedorn (both in 1999).Among his popular poems include When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge, an example of his comma poems, and The emperor butterflys New Sonnet (a part of Have Come, Am Here) which is fundamentally a blank sheet of paper. Paz Marquez Benitez She was Born in 1894 in Lucena City, Quezon. Marquez Benitez authored the first Filipino sophisticated English language short story, Dead Stars, published in the Philippine Herald in 1925. Born into the prominent Marquez family ofQuezon province, she was among the first generation of Filipino people trained in the American education system which used English as the medium of instruction. She graduated senior high school in Tayabas Hig h School now, Quezon National High School and college from the University of the Philippines with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912. MarquezBenitez. She was a member of the first freshman class of the University of the Philippines, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912.Two years after graduation, she married UP College of teaching Dean Francisco Benitez with whom she had four children. Marquez-Benitez later became a teacher at the University of the Philippines, who taught short-story writing and had become an influential figure to many Filipino writers in the English language, such as Loreto Paras-Sulit, Paz M. Latorena Arturo Belleza Rotor,Bienvenido N. Santos and Francisco Arcellana.The annually held Paz Marquez-Benitez Lectures in the Philippines honors her memory by focalization on the contribution of Filipino women writers to Philippine Literature in the English language. Though she only had one more published short story after Dead Stars entitled A Night In The H ills, she made her mark in Philippine literature because her work is considered the first modern Philippine short story.For Marquez-Benitez, writing was a lifelong occupation. In 1919 she founded charrs Home Journal, the first womens magazine in the country. Also in the same year, she and other six women who were prominent members of Manilas social elites, namely Clara Aragon, Concepcion Aragon, Francisca Tirona Benitez, Carolina Ocampo Palma, Mercedes Rivera, and Socorro Marquez Zaballero, founded the Philippine Womens College now Philippine Womens University.Filipino Love Stories, reportedly the first anthology of Philippine stories in English by Filipinos, was compiled in 1928 by Marquez-Benitez from the works of her students. When her husband died in 1951, she took over as editor of the Philippine Journal of Education at UP. She held the editorial post for over two decades. In 1995, her daughter, Virginia Benitez-Licuanan wrote her biography, Paz Marquez-Benitez One cleaning w omans Life, Letters, and Writings.

Criminal Justice Process Essay

Generally speaking, the concept of the judicial system sewer ofttimes seem very complex, confusing, and intimidating. However, to hang in comprehending the system, the defer of Kansas has be a sequence of events in processing pitiful cases where each(prenominal) action encompasses a specific function. Whether it is the virtue incumbent who investigates the dis butterflyesy, the public prosecutor who must gather the facts for action, the digestant who must father a lawyer and prove their case, or the forecast and jury who determine the fate of the wrongdoer having a basic understanding of the up proper(a)ness is imperative in protect private rights.Within this paper I will discuss the Kansas invoke woeful averageice process and the multifaceted decisions that hold justice is deliver the goodsd to all. Although the Kansas wretched law process is disclosed, it still whitethorn be difficult for an individual to navigate through the system al cardinal. Therefore , once a somebody is interpreted into time lag, he/she should immediately seek focus to assist in the court of law- shapeed process. The archetypal step in the evil process is the investigation by law enforcement before an arrest is made. Moreover, an investigation of a s charge crime whitethorn be initiated in many ways.For instance, it could be as mere(a) as an officer who witnesses a vehicle speeding or something that requires a more collective effort such as a 911 foreshadow from a bystander. An officer may speak to only one person or it may involve multiple witnesses being interviewed where demonstrate may be ga in that respectd over time. If an officer debates that there is enough assure of a crime, he/she can try to hold in a attempt countenance. This process acknowledges a hear who will criticism the information and adore/disapprove the warrant based on probable cause.Probable cause, as it applies to a search, is the facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to hope that evidence is in a particular place (Wright, 2013). aft(prenominal) law enforcement has conducted their investigation, a guilty arrest will transpire. A person may or may not be aware that they will be interpreted into custody, but in any situation, it is important for that individual to obtain the representation of an experienced defence reaction lawyer as soon as potential. An arrest is delimitate as a seizure of a person and/or deprivation of his/her personal liberty by a legal authority or under legal authority (Gale, 2002).In Kansas, an officer of the law may arrest a person for the interest reasons a warrant commanding that person to be arrested has probable cause to believe that a warrant for the persons arrest has been issued in this carry or in another jurisdiction for a felony committed in this has probable cause to believe that the person is committing or has committed felony (KSA, 2009). No matter where or when an interrogati on occurs, the person in custody (deprived of his or her freedom of action in any significant way), must be read their Miranda rights if the suspects answers are to be used as evidence at a streamlet (Merriam-Webster, 1996).A Miranda warning is not required if a person is not in police custody however, anything the person says can still be used at trial if the person is later charged with a crime. This exception most often happens when the police stop someone on the street to question him/her virtually a recent crime and the person blurts out a plea before the police have an opportunity to deliver the warning. Therefore, it is critical that a person in custody does not answer the police/ emissarys questions without having a lawyer present. This will ensure the individuals rights under the Fifth Amendment are protected and they do not have got any self-incriminating call forthments.Kansas divides crimes into two categories felonies and misdemeanors. A felony crime can be defined as a crime that results in incarceration of one twelvemonth or more in jail or prison (Wright, 2013). The state of Kansas has four-spot types of felony convictions dose felonies, non-drug felonies, off power systemiron felonies and non-grid felonies. Drug felonies are relate to the possession, use, manufacture, and the sale of illegal drugs. Off grid felonies, which frequently have a life time sentence, are typically related to off and real child sex crimes. While, non grid felonies are usually related to internal battery or felony driving under the influence.Once the suspect is arrested, a defense attorney is assigned to the person if the individual cannot afford one. A defense attorney is a lawyer who advises, represents, and acts for the suspect in a legal proceeding or for the offender in post-conviction proceedings (Gale, 2002). A defense attorney appears with the defendant at the arraignment where the defendant will asseverate guilty, not guilty or no contest. If the defendant pleads not guilty, the defense attorney then represents his/her customer during the various stages of the trial process.During the pre-trail stage, the defense counsels investigation should begin its own inquiry by interviewing witnesses, obtaining police reports, and reviewing other documents. (Gale, 2002). Additionally, any exculpatory evidence that the prosecutor discovers which is helpful to the defendant must be given to the defense attorney. It is during this stage that the defense attorney assesses the strength of the prosecutors case and advises the client as to the possible outcomes. If it would be useful in the defense effort, the defense counsel could lease a private investigator in an effort to collect evidence in support of the case or to discredit elements of the prosecutions case.While the defense attorney is collecting evidence to help the client from being convicted, the prosecutor initiates his/her own effort on the criminal actions against the s upposed person who has committed the offense. A prosecutor can be defined as a lawyer employed by the state who seeks to obtain a conviction in a court against the defendant (Gale, 2002). after(prenominal) the police investigators have filed the paper work for the arrest, the prosecutor will review the paper work and apply the set aside Kansas laws to determine if the person that has been arrested should be formally charged with a crime. Unfortunately, this period can last a few days, weeks, or months.The most serious crimes in Kansas, such has murder and terrorism, have no statute of limitations. Statutes of limitations are federal and state laws that site out time periods indoors which a certain type of civic or criminal action must be brought or the right to bring the action will be lost (Gale, 2002). This law is to ensure the defendant has a fair chance to rebut the claim. Since Kansas does not prepare a time period for murder and terrorism, this does not violate the payab le process of the Fourteenth Amendment. The prosecutor will continue to examine the files and he/she may contact the police and pray that additional inquiries are conducted. During this time, it may be possible to convince the prosecutor not to file charges or to request a lesser charge.After a charge is filed, the figure of court appearances may vary depending on the type of case. A court appearance can be defined as the act of climax to court to defend or prosecute a case and to come an appearance to register with a court that a defendant intends to defend an action (Black, 2007). The first court appearance is known as an arraignment in the state of Kansas. An arraignment is a hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case. When a court arraigns a person, the identicalness of the defendant is established, and the defendant is informed of the charge and his or her constitutional and statutory rights. Bail can also be correct at arraignment.The defendant is r equired to enter a plea, which distinguishes an arraignment from a defendants first appearance, where all other matters may be raised (Gale, 2002). The arraignment process in felony cases cannot take place unless the prosecutor has prepared a written set of charges. In the state of Kansas, the prosecutor is required to convene a kibibyte jury before charging a defendant with a serious crime. After the suspect is convicted of the crime, a sentencing process is started. On July 1, 1993, the Kansas Sentencing Guidelines Act was developed to assist in find out felony sentencing through a grid system.For this reason, Kansas law uses the bring home the baconing two primary factors to determine the punishment of a convicted felon the scratchiness direct of the crime and the defendants criminal record. Sentencing is the penalty enforce by a court upon a person convicted of a crime. The types of sentences include capital punishment, imprisonment, fines, restitution, and probation (Gale , 2002). Since the 1980s, sentencing guidelines started utilizing a point system based on the criminal offense and the criminal history of the defendant. A higher public figure results in a more severe criminal sanction.Additionally, judges have slender or no discretion to provide from these guidelines (Gale, 2002). Thus, sentencing guidelines that Kansas has established provide practitioners in the criminal justice system with an overview of likely felony sentences. The juncture of the scratchiness level of the crime of conviction and the offenders criminal history grade is the presumed sentence (KSA, 2012). Once a person is convicted of a felony, every by pleading guilty or being found guilty at trial, the judge will order a pre-sentence investigation and receive a report from the probation office.This report will advise the judge of the severity level of the crime, which grid it is on, drug or non-drug, and the defendants criminal history. In Kansas, the sentencing grid is how the judge determines the sentencing of a felony conviction. Nevertheless, not all crimes will change course on the grid. Thus, the sentencing for those crimes is individually outlined by the law-makers. The majority of the felony crimes in Kansas give ear on the sentencing grid, where the criminal history and the severity level of the crime aid the judge in determining the sentence. Non-drug and drug are two grids on the sentencing invest.The non-drug grid contains ten severity levels of offenses that hurl from theft to botch and murder. A level one offense represents a significant transgression objet dart a level ten represents the least serious of the crimes. The drug grid contains four levels of offenses encompassing possession, distribution, manufacturing and cultivation of controlled substances. Similar to the non-drug grid, a level one offense is a severe crime and a level four represents a minimum wrongdoing. After the judge or court reviews the drug or non dru g grid, the next step is to look at the criminal history of the accused.Criminal history in Kansas is classified as A through I, depending on a persons early(prenominal) criminal history (KSA, 2012). A criminal history tick off of A is the highest criminal history score and would identically be assigned to a person with three or more personal felonies. A criminal history score of I is the lowest criminal history score and would be allocated to an individual with only one misdemeanor conviction or no criminal history. Within each grid box there are three numbers which represent months of imprisonment. These three numbers provide the judge or court with a range for sentencing. The sentencing judge or court then has the discretion to sentence within these parameters.The middle number in the grid box is the average number that is intended to be the appropriate sentence time for a typical case. The upper and abase numbers should be used for cases involving aggravating or mitigating f actors sufficient to warrant a liberation. The sentencing judge or court may increase the continuance of a sentence up to double the duration within the grid box (KSA, 2012).The judge or court may also depart downward to lower the duration of a presumptive sentence. Moreover, the judge or court can gossip a dispositional overtaking by electing to utilize a sentence of prison to probation or probation to prison. Once the criminal history and the severity level of the offense are determined, the grids will dictate the sentencing range and disposition for the judge or court.For exercise, rape in Kansas is a severity level one felony. If the defendant has no prior criminal record, then the crime is punishable by 147, 155, or 165 months in prison. If the alike(p) crime was particularly cruel or violent, the judge may impose the aggravated sentence of 165 months in prison. A defendant with an A level criminal history who is convicted of a particularly brutal rape could face up to 6 53 months in prison. After the judge or court has reviewed the grid and all the files for the case, sentencing can be deliberated. By Kansas law, judges or the court must impose a sentence shown in the appropriate grid box unless substantial and induce reasons exist to depart from the sentences.The sentencing judge or court should consider all available alternatives in determining the appropriate sentence for each offender. The sentencing guidelines seek to establish equity among like offenders in similar case scenarios. Rehabilitative measures are still an full part of the corrections process, and criminal justice professionals continue efforts to reestablish offenders within communities (KSA, 2012). The guidelines do not prohibit sentencing courts from departing from the prescribed sentence in unnatural cases. The sentencing court is free to choose an appropriate sentence, or combination of sentences, for each case (KSA, 2012). In 2008, Kansas changed its sentencing guideli nes by implementing a no downward dispositional departure for any crime of extreme sexual military group.A downward durational departure can be allowed for any crime of extreme sexual violence to no less than fifty percent of the center of the grid range of the sentence for such crime. Does the Kansas judge or court have to follow the guidelines in the grid box? The answer is no. The judge can deviate from the presumptive range within the box however, in order for him/her to do so, there must be a substantial and compelling reason. This means, a specific fact should either illustrate that this case is either worse than typical for this type of crime, justifying a semipermanent sentence, or snap off than typical for this kind of offense, justifying a shorter sentence.As long as the judge stays in the box, the sentence cannot be appealed. A conviction could be appealed, but not the sentence. Judges typically do not depart, either shorter or longer, unless both the prosecution and t he defense agree that he/she should. In order for a judge to depart upward to a longer sentence than contained in the box, he/she must usually have a jury finding of the extraordinary fact justifying the longer sentence.In Kansas, the legislature has designated convictions as presumptive probation, presumptive prison, and process box. If a defendant is convicted of or pleads guilty to a presumptive probation offense, the legislature presumes that the defendant is entitled to a skip of probation.The defendant, on the other hand, could serve the underlying sentence if he/she violates the terms and conditions of the probation get hold of. If a defendant is convicted of or pleads guilty to a presumptive prison offense, the legislature presumes that the defendant is not entitled to a contract of probation and must serve the underlying sentence.A defendant can forefend prison, only if, the court formally deviates from the sentencing guidelines by finding considerable and convert r easons to grant probation. If a defendant is convicted of or pleads guilty to a border box offense, the legislature presumes that the defendant is not entitled to a contract of probation and must serve the underlying sentence. However, the court is allowed to grant probation at the request or agreement of the parties as long as the court is cheery that a program is available to the defendant that will ensure federation safety interests by promoting the defendants rehabilitation and reducing the likeliness of recidivism.There are special rules which could deprive a defendant of his/her arrogance of probation and in turn can allow the judge to sentence him/her to prison. An example would be if the crime occurred while the defendant was already on probation or on bond for another crime. These special rules must be taken into consideration when determining what a judge might do at the time of sentencing. In conclusion, Kansas has established a concrete criminal law process that can be directly correlated to its own state legislation. The system provides reasonable and comprehensible guidelines for all to follow in the aid of justice.The law is enforced to protect individuals however, being aware of your fundamental rights is a personal responsibility. If you are stopped, questioned, arrested or searched by federal, state or local law enforcement officers, the most common approach should always be to assume for an attorney. Inevitably, the law is there to sustain the status quo, to protect property, vested rights, and established relationships. An tell society cannot survive without some type of legal system, even if it is just one simple rule. In the end, the legal system is the only operation which can guarantee that all human rights are respected.View as multi-pages